The present position of economics, an inaugural lectureMacmillan, 1885 |
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Сторінка 6
... material things § 10. An analogy from mechanics § 11. The motives of the " economic man " of the older writers are measurable , but are not all selfish or even self - regarding . § 12 . The work of the economic organon further explained ...
... material things § 10. An analogy from mechanics § 11. The motives of the " economic man " of the older writers are measurable , but are not all selfish or even self - regarding . § 12 . The work of the economic organon further explained ...
Сторінка 22
... material wealth . But it is becoming clear that the true philosophic raison d'être of the theory is that it supplies a machinery to aid us in reasoning about those motives of human action which are measurable . In the world in which we ...
... material wealth . But it is becoming clear that the true philosophic raison d'être of the theory is that it supplies a machinery to aid us in reasoning about those motives of human action which are measurable . In the world in which we ...
Сторінка 24
... material things , no wealth as it is generally understood ; but that public honours are meted out by graduated tables as rewards for every action that is done for another's good if these honours can be transferred from one to another ...
... material things , no wealth as it is generally understood ; but that public honours are meted out by graduated tables as rewards for every action that is done for another's good if these honours can be transferred from one to another ...
Сторінка 25
... material form is practically convenient in this world , but is not essential . § 10. But while attributing this high and tran- scendent universality to the central scheme of econo- mic reasoning ; I do not assign any universality to ...
... material form is practically convenient in this world , but is not essential . § 10. But while attributing this high and tran- scendent universality to the central scheme of econo- mic reasoning ; I do not assign any universality to ...
Сторінка 26
... material and general construction ; and suppose that there were a number of general dogmas roughly true with regard to all of them ; and suppose that Venetian engineers had applied these dogmas to bridges built under different ...
... material and general construction ; and suppose that there were a number of general dogmas roughly true with regard to all of them ; and suppose that Venetian engineers had applied these dogmas to bridges built under different ...
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The Present Position of Economics, an Inaugural Lecture Alfred Marshall Попередній перегляд недоступний - 2010 |
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able achievements action applied argument attributed authority bear better bridges bring brought called Cambridge causes chief chiefly claim classes clear common sense complex countries custom deal desire determine difficult direct directly doctrine dogmas economic organon economic theory economists effect engineer England English event exist facts fault followers force give Government greater growth habits higher human important increase influence inquiry kind knowledge leading less light material measurable mechanics method mind Moral motives nature never objection Panama particular past perhaps phenomena Political Economy possible practical present problems produce raised reasoning regard relations result scientific seems showed side social social problems speak stand supply task teach tell things thought tion trained treat true truth turn universal wealth writers
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Сторінка 57 - I may, to increase the numbers of those whom Cambridge, the great mother of strong men,2 sends out into the world with cool heads but warm hearts, willing to give some at least of their best powers to grappling with the social suffering around them ; resolved not to rest content till they have done what in them lies to discover how far it is possible to open up to all the material...
Сторінка 56 - Why should it be left for impetuous socialists and ignorant orators to cry aloud that none ought to be shut out by want of material means from the opportunity of leading a life that is worthy of man?
Сторінка 31 - Lastly, taking account of the fact that the same sum of money measures a greater pleasure for the poor than for the rich, it helps in determining the relations between the money gain that a nation gets from any given social or industrial change and the total increase of happiness arising from it. This task most properly belongs to the economic organon, though it has been much neglected by economists till recently.
Сторінка 16 - They therefore attributed to the forces of supply and demand a much more mechanical and regular action than is to be found in real life: and they laid down laws with regard to profits and wages that did not really hold even for England in their own time.
Сторінка 29 - ... we see that they are of all kinds. They include many of the highest, the most refined, and the most unselfish elements in our nature." Of course, Marshall admitted that egoism was an important spring of action; but there are other motives, he held, that must equally be acknow-ledged: above all "hot impulses" and "combative instincts
Сторінка 13 - The change that has been made in the point of view of Economics by the present generation is due to the discovery that man himself is in a great measure a creature of circumstances and changes with them. The chief fault in English economists at the beginning of the century was not that they ignored history and statistics, but that they regarded man as so to speak a constant quantity, and gave themselves little trouble to study his variations. They therefore attributed to the...
Сторінка 16 - It caused them to regard labour simply as a commodity without throwing themselves into the point of view of the workman ; without allowing for his human passions, his instincts and habits, his sympathies and antipathies, his class jealousies and class adhesiveness, his want of knowledge and of the opportunities for free and vigorous action.
Сторінка 16 - In particular they did not see that the poverty of the poor is the chief cause of that weakness and inefficiency which are the causes of their poverty : they had not the faith that modern economists have in the possibility of a vast improvement in the condition of the working classes.
Сторінка 44 - ... the most reckless and treacherous of all theorists is he who professes to let facts and figures speak for themselves, who keeps in the background the part he has played, perhaps unconsciously, in selecting and grouping them, and in suggesting the argument, post hoc ergo propter hoc.
Сторінка 19 - Ricardo and his chief followers did not make clear to others, it was not even quite clear to themselves, that what they were building up was not universal truth, but machinery of universal application in the discovery of a certain class of truths.