The present position of economics, an inaugural lectureMacmillan, 1885 |
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Сторінка 30
... kind can be followed with- out effort by anyone ; but it does not correspond to the facts of nature and has been the source of many mischievous fallacies . In human conduct one condition does 30 THE PRESENT POSITION OF ECONOMICS .
... kind can be followed with- out effort by anyone ; but it does not correspond to the facts of nature and has been the source of many mischievous fallacies . In human conduct one condition does 30 THE PRESENT POSITION OF ECONOMICS .
Сторінка 33
... kind , we must admit that he did not make a good selection . Since his time many improvements have been made in the choice and arrangement of cases to be worked out so that the organon is becoming better fitted to actual conditions ...
... kind , we must admit that he did not make a good selection . Since his time many improvements have been made in the choice and arrangement of cases to be worked out so that the organon is becoming better fitted to actual conditions ...
Сторінка 37
... kind of knowledge , not ham- pering common sense in the use to which it is able to put any other available knowledge , nor in any way hindering ; helping where it could help , and for the rest keeping silence . Sometimes indeed the ...
... kind of knowledge , not ham- pering common sense in the use to which it is able to put any other available knowledge , nor in any way hindering ; helping where it could help , and for the rest keeping silence . Sometimes indeed the ...
Сторінка 38
... kind of canal lock is unsuitable for its purpose . But an economist as such cannot say which is the best course to pursue , any more than an engineer as such can decide which is the best route for the Panama canal . It is true that an ...
... kind of canal lock is unsuitable for its purpose . But an economist as such cannot say which is the best course to pursue , any more than an engineer as such can decide which is the best route for the Panama canal . It is true that an ...
Сторінка 44
... kind of effects to expect from each cause and how these effects are likely to com- bine with one another . This is the knowledge which is got by the study of economic science . While on the other hand , the growth of the science is ...
... kind of effects to expect from each cause and how these effects are likely to com- bine with one another . This is the knowledge which is got by the study of economic science . While on the other hand , the growth of the science is ...
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The Present Position of Economics, an Inaugural Lecture Alfred Marshall Попередній перегляд недоступний - 2010 |
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able achievements action applied argument attributed authority bear better bridges bring brought called Cambridge causes chief chiefly claim classes clear common sense complex countries custom deal desire determine difficult direct directly doctrine dogmas economic organon economic theory economists effect engineer England English event exist facts fault followers force give Government greater growth habits higher human important increase influence inquiry kind knowledge leading less light material measurable mechanics method mind Moral motives nature never objection Panama particular past perhaps phenomena Political Economy possible practical present problems produce raised reasoning regard relations result scientific seems showed side social social problems speak stand supply task teach tell things thought tion trained treat true truth turn universal wealth writers
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Сторінка 57 - I may, to increase the numbers of those whom Cambridge, the great mother of strong men,2 sends out into the world with cool heads but warm hearts, willing to give some at least of their best powers to grappling with the social suffering around them ; resolved not to rest content till they have done what in them lies to discover how far it is possible to open up to all the material...
Сторінка 56 - Why should it be left for impetuous socialists and ignorant orators to cry aloud that none ought to be shut out by want of material means from the opportunity of leading a life that is worthy of man?
Сторінка 31 - Lastly, taking account of the fact that the same sum of money measures a greater pleasure for the poor than for the rich, it helps in determining the relations between the money gain that a nation gets from any given social or industrial change and the total increase of happiness arising from it. This task most properly belongs to the economic organon, though it has been much neglected by economists till recently.
Сторінка 16 - They therefore attributed to the forces of supply and demand a much more mechanical and regular action than is to be found in real life: and they laid down laws with regard to profits and wages that did not really hold even for England in their own time.
Сторінка 29 - ... we see that they are of all kinds. They include many of the highest, the most refined, and the most unselfish elements in our nature." Of course, Marshall admitted that egoism was an important spring of action; but there are other motives, he held, that must equally be acknow-ledged: above all "hot impulses" and "combative instincts
Сторінка 13 - The change that has been made in the point of view of Economics by the present generation is due to the discovery that man himself is in a great measure a creature of circumstances and changes with them. The chief fault in English economists at the beginning of the century was not that they ignored history and statistics, but that they regarded man as so to speak a constant quantity, and gave themselves little trouble to study his variations. They therefore attributed to the...
Сторінка 16 - It caused them to regard labour simply as a commodity without throwing themselves into the point of view of the workman ; without allowing for his human passions, his instincts and habits, his sympathies and antipathies, his class jealousies and class adhesiveness, his want of knowledge and of the opportunities for free and vigorous action.
Сторінка 16 - In particular they did not see that the poverty of the poor is the chief cause of that weakness and inefficiency which are the causes of their poverty : they had not the faith that modern economists have in the possibility of a vast improvement in the condition of the working classes.
Сторінка 44 - ... the most reckless and treacherous of all theorists is he who professes to let facts and figures speak for themselves, who keeps in the background the part he has played, perhaps unconsciously, in selecting and grouping them, and in suggesting the argument, post hoc ergo propter hoc.
Сторінка 19 - Ricardo and his chief followers did not make clear to others, it was not even quite clear to themselves, that what they were building up was not universal truth, but machinery of universal application in the discovery of a certain class of truths.