its courts, axes, and roof lines will appear as a thing of unusual beauty in itself. It was evident that in any such scheme the kind of roof treatment adopted was a matter of very great importance; and this point consequently was also well considered. Running through the centre of all the eight exhibition palaces comprised in the Walled City are so-called "arteries of circulation"; they are the main thoroughfares through which people will travel when passing through the palaces. These thoroughfares will be bounded on the in

terior by long rows of supporting columns. Toward the roof the columns will terminate in trusses so designed as to constitute a part of the general architectural effect and contribute to it. Above the roofs the existence of the thoroughfares will be acknowledged by clearstories, which, rising above the level of the main roofs, will serve the double purpose of shedding light down to the interior, and of giving interesting expression on the exterior of the interior plan. Where these clearstories intersect at the centres of the buildings

Expositions will be its color. The Chicago fair was a "White City." The San Francisco fair will be all aglow with rich color. Mr. Jules Guérin, who has charge of this department, is himself a guarantee that results in this line will be happy. "When I went to California to study the problem of color," he said, "I saw the vibrant tints of the native wild flowers, the soft browns of the surrounding hills, the gold of the orangeries, the blue of the sea; and I determined that, just as a musician builds his symphony around a motif or chord, so must I strike a chord of color and build my symphony on this. The one point upon which I have insisted is that there shall be no white (save, perhaps, a man visitor's shirt front or a woman's summer frock). The pillars, statues, fountains, masts, walls, and flagpoles that are to contrast with the tinted

moniously colored: so that when those who throng the avenues on the land side of the exhibition look down upon them they will see a great party-colored area of red tiles, golden domes, and copper-green minarets." It is not only the color of the roof treatment, however, that will be effective when thus seen, but the roof colors will be enhanced and emphasized by the rich coloring of intervening courts that will be filled with greenery and gorgeous masses of bloom. Their color scheme also will be under Mr. Guérin's control. The total effect, undoubtedly, will be much as he has pictured it: "Imagine," said he, "a gigantic Persian rug of soft melting tones, with brilliant splashes here and there, spread down for a mile or more, and you may get some idea of what the Panama-Pacific Exposition will look like when viewed from the distance, say of the

Sausalito Heights across the Golden Gate. This color plan, that of making the group of buildings a veritable blaze of color and at the same time avoiding the garish or barbaric, is a great new salient feature of the Exposition."

Another entirely new feature of the Exposition will be its lighting scheme. This is all under the control of Mr. W. D'A. Ryan, who supervised the illumination of the Hudson-Fulton celebration and is directing the illumination of the Panama Canal. At the time of the Chicago fair artistically effective night lighting was practically unknown. Most of the illumination of the "White City" consisted of arc lights mounted upon standards. At the Buffalo fair outline lighting had come into use, and gave much better results. Today this has all been superseded by indirect lighting and the Panama-Pacific Exposition will be illumined by night with practically the same intensity and evenness of distribution as by day. There will be lights hidden behind the colonnades, lights above the.cornices, and masked batteries of lights on the roofs. The entire outlines and details of the buildings will thus appear with practically uniform distinctness; paintings on the walls will have their true color values, sculpture will stand out without shadow as by day. In addition to this indirect daylight effect, much will be accomplished by means of search-lights, many of which will be colored. It is proposed to throw great jets of steam up from certain points in the grounds and upon these the search-lights will play in varying colors. Anchored out

in the harbor in front of the esplanade will be several batteries of these colored searchlights, with men drilled to operate them

in ways such as to obtain combination effects from shafts of different colors. Even the fogs of the harbor will in this way be made to contribute to the night effect of the Exposition, so that men will in truth "paint pictures upon the clouds." "The effect," said Mr. Ryan, "will be marvellous. The batteries will go through evolutions of color, forming auroras in the sky and over the Exposition, that will spread like a great lily. On clear nights the shafts of light will be visible forty or fifty miles."

All along the southern side of the Walled City between Festival Hall and Horticultural Hall, and comprising a strip of ground a half mile long and a quarter of a mile wide, will extend "The Gardens." This strip, protected from the winds of the bay by the Walled City and by Horticultural Hall, will be planted out with rare flowers, trees, and shrubs, tenderer varieties being used here than would thrive on the waterside. It is on the south side of these gardens that the principal land entrances to the Exposition will be located; so that visitors entering will pass through the Gardens in order to reach the Walled City or other parts of the grounds. To protect the gardens from the dust of Chestnut Street, the main avenue of approach running south of and parallel to them, a great hedge sixty feet high will be grown. This result will be accomplished by placing flower-boxes one upon another in such ways that vines will trail down over