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Large importation of the public funds from England to Ireland
proves the difficulty of making a profitable investment, rather
than any want of capital
If profitable occupation offered, accompanied by security, capital
would flow into the country
Absenteeism of the landed proprietors often complained of
Evils of non-residence peculiarly felt during the past year
How to secure the residence of proprietors a difficult matter.
Compulsory laws are out of the question
It must be made the interest of landlords to reside
Page
148
149
If land could be freely sold, they would probably dispose of their
estates to others, who could give their personal attention to
manage them
Decay of manufactures in Ireland
150
The growth of the factory system a main cause
151
Few persons of property in the South of Ireland have been willing
to undertake a business involving so much labour, and requir-
ing the investment of so much capital
High price of coals of minor importance
152
Manufacture of flax more slowly adapted itself to the factory
system than that of either wool or cotton
Number of persons employed in flax mills
153
Combinations of workmen have had more effect in Ireland than
in England
Difference between wages of skilled and unskilled labour
154
Limiting the number of apprentices a principal means of main-
taining the rate of wages
155
Reference to the shipwrights of Dublin
Question of apprenticeship considered
An increase of manufactures would be very valuable to Ireland
The removal of restrictions, if such exist, is all that can be looked
for from the Government
156
157
Want of a sufficient home-demand has an injurious influence
The linen manufacture and the cultivation of flax of the greatest
importance
158
Soil and climate favourable to the growth of flax
Flax may be made more valuable to Ireland than cotton is to
England
159
Great extent of imports of flax, flax-seed, and oil-cake
Increased cultivation of flax and exports of linen would compen-
sate for the present deficient export of agricultural products
Fisheries not sufficiently attended to in Ireland
Experimental curing-stations established by Government .
Want of a better home-market in the West of Ireland
Deficiency of harbours for fishermen on the Western coast
CHAPTER X.
160
161
Great extent of emigration
163
Emigrants mostly consist of the young and enterprising who
possess some capital
164
Less advantageous to Ireland than to the emigrants themselves
Money sent back by emigrants to enable their friends to follow
them
165
This emigration must continue, until the difference between the
condition of the working classes in the two countries cease to
Emigration must be on a very large scale, in order to relieve the
labour market
167
Difficulties of carrying such emigration into effect
168
Estimate of the expense necessary
Would not the same sum, if expended on improvements in Ire-
land, afford the means of employing those who might be assisted
to emigrate?
169
Government assistance would interfere with private emigration
Cultivation of waste lands has been proposed
170
Important results to be expected from this
.
Can it be best effected by government interference, or by pri-
vate enterprise?
Much waste land has been reclaimed by cottiers, by means of
the cultivation of potatoes
Doubtful whether this plan be practicable with any other crop
Reclamation of waste lands on a large scale by government con-
sidered
Private enterprise sufficient if sale of land were free
Note-Extract from speech of Sir Robert Peel in illustration
Importance of improving the lands already under culture
M'Culloch's opinion on this subject
171
172
173
174
Subdivision of land into small farms has been objected to
Consolidation has been proposed as a remedy
Unless great caution be used in any attempt to consolidate, great
Necessity of capital for farming purposes but little understood in
Ireland
176
Compulsory extension of Ulster system of tenant-right to the rest
of Ireland has been proposed
177
Advantages resulting from the custom of tenant-right in Ulster
178
A custom can only be established by time
If extended by Lynch-law, the results would be ruinous
Tenants have an equitable claim to the value of the improvements
made by themselves
179
Difficulties of giving them a legal right to compensation
180
Extract from "Digest of Evidence on the Occupation of Land in
Ireland," as to the necessity of security for the tenant's im-
Extract from "Digest of Evidence on Occupation of Land" re-
specting the causes of agrarian outrage
Want of capital in connection with land the main cause
Is there any means of supplying the defect, except by the free sale
of land?
189
A government based on popular institutions fails to secure order
unless it have the support of the people
The great mass of the Irish people have no respect for the laws
relating to the tenure of land
190
The number of those desirous of supporting the laws can be best
increased by the free sale of landed property
191
CHAPTER XI.
Poor laws
Great deficiency of employment for labourers in Connaught
Statement of the very small proportion employed in the Union of
Great number of helpless poor, widows, orphans, &c.
Can the poor-law be worked throughout Ireland?
192
193
194
195
How is the unemployed population of the West to be supported?
Reference to Statistical Tables of the Annual Value of Property
liable to be rated for Poor-rate in England and Ireland
Great difference between the two countries, as respects their capa-
bility of supporting the poor
196
197
Nevertheless, the greater part of Ireland well able to support its
poor
198
Very doubtful whether the unions along the Western coast can
do so
199
Mode of working the Poor-law Act
Difficulties in collecting the rates
200
Immediate lessors liable for the poor-rate on holdings valued at
£4 and under .
201
If arrears be re-assessed and stringently enforced, some districts
will be pauperized.
Will the poor-law confiscate the estates of embarrassed proprietors?
Irish poor-law nearly similar to that of England in this respect
The law might be altered so as effect a confiscation; but would this
be good policy?
203
204
While assistance should be afforded to some places, payment of
rates should be enforced from all solvent parties
205
Some electoral divisions even in the West able to support their poor
Our feelings instinctively prompt us to relieve the distress around
Important that the able-bodied should be supported by labour Resolutions of Limerick Grand Jury
It appears advisable that the districts for taxation should be smaller
Townlands have been suggested, but are unsuitable, being the
211
212
opposite extreme
Reference to a case of peculiar hardship.
213
Poor-law Commissioners have power to vary the size of unions and
Clearances of estates will go on under any system, and can only
Settlement clause in Poor-law Act of last session
219
Question of settlement considered.
220
Power of removal considered-present law often inflicts great
hardships on Irish poor in England
221
Union rating would not enable the property of Ireland to support
If one part of the empire suffer beyond its local means, it is
entitled to assistance from the Treasury
225
In this spirit the government have acted
The Eastern counties of Ireland cannot be properly called on to
assist those in the West
Supposed case of Manchester in the event of a failure of the
cotton crop
227
Difficulty of efficient management under present arrangements
Some assistance necessary; continuation of the appointment of
inspecting officers proposed
230
231
A poor-law guardian should be disqualified, if his rates remain
unpaid.
232
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