only for general defence, but also for local security, and the greatest activity was used to protect the town by the erection of several batteries*. The Moat was cleansed out, and ninety-nine guns from the ships in the harbour were mounted, which were principally manned by the sailors. A report being circulated, that the rebels were in full march to Scarborough, the seamen repaired with *No. 1. North-Cliff-Tindall's battery 2. Awborough-Gate-Maling's do. 3. Along the Moat from Tanner-street end to 16 guns. 6 do. 2 do. 4. 5. 11 do. 2 do. 7 do. 7. 8.J Along the Moat from St. Thomas's Hospital to 9. Newborough-Gate-Hodgson's battery 10. Along the Moat behind Harding's Walk, now Huntris's Row 2 do. 10 do. 6 do. 16 do. Number of guns mounted And several more offered, if necessary, Number of persons to manage them Number of persons, with small arms, quartered at the respective batteries 2 do. 99 400 alacrity to the batteries, under the direction of their respective commanders. The ardour, the intrepidity, and the cheering voices of the sailors animated the other inhabitants; but, happily, the report proved to be without foundation. After the suppression of the rebellion the Duke of Montague, Master-General of the Ordnance, in the year 1746 caused the present Barracks to be erected, which will contain 120 soldiers, in twelve apartments; beside which, there are others for the officers. On the south-east point of the Castle-yard, upon a projecting plain, some distance below it's summit, facing the bay and the haven, at a convenient height above the level of the sea, a battery, called the South-Steel, was at the same time erected, and 10 guns *, 18 pounders, placed therein. A covered way, descending from the Castleyard, by a flight of steps, leads down to this battery, which is the principal defence of the town to the south; and from it's favoured situation, is in some degree formidable. Here is also a store-house with a guard-room; and a magazine where the military utensils are deposited, with several old cannon-balls that were found lodged in the earth and walls of the castle, some time after the siege. Under an arched vault in the Castle-yard, near the ruins of the ancient chapel, there is a reservoir of water called the Lady's Well, supposed to be the spring mentioned by old historians, and to have been consecrated in the days of superstition to the Virgin Mary. This reservoir, when filled, contains about forty tons of water, which is very transparent, and has been found by experiment to weigh lighter by one ounce in the Win-. chester gallon, than any other water in the vicinity. A facetious circumstance brought it into estimation with some strangers who visited Scarborough: * One of these is mounted on a traversing platform. The late master of the Coffee-house (Mr. William Cockerill), a person of great humour and ingenuity, having been often solicited by the company who frequented his house, to introduce Bristol water to his table, substituted the Castle water in it's place. The deception was carried on with great dexterity; the wax upon the corks bore the impression of the Bristol-seal; a fresh importation was pretended to be made every season, warranted from the fountain-head; and the connoisseurs pronounced it genuine. But the ingenuity of the contriver failed him in an unguarded hour. He had, in a convivial party, taken too much wine, and in the confusion of an intoxicated moment, the Bristol seal was applied to a bottle of sherry, which was hastily sent up to the table, even before the wax had time to cool. This unlucky circumstance occasioned a discovery; and the master of the Coffee-house not only received a severe reprimand for the imposition, but was obliged ever afterward, as it's reputation was established, to supply the water gratis. In the year 1794, a small battery was made in a place called the Holmes, on an eminence, at the foot of the castle, to guard the north shore; and, for the better defence of the south part, another battery was in 1796 made in the southern corner of the Castle-yard. The right Honourable Lord Mulgrave, General of his Majesty's forces, is the present Governor of the Castle; beside whom, the establishment consists of Wm. Travis Esq. Storekeeper; a Barrack-Master; a Master-Gunner ; and a small detachment of Invalid Artillery. In turning from these mouldering remains of antiquity, the eye is relieved, and the mind exhilarated by the charms of the surrounding prospect. The diversified scenes of the adjacent country; the romantic appearance of the town; the sands enlivened with various objects, and the~ unbounded view of the ocean, form an assemblage beautiful beyond conception. "What does not fade? The tower, that long hath stood And all those worlds that roll around the sun :- CONVENTS-CHURCHES-HOSPITALS. In the primitive ages of Christianity, many magnificent buildings were erected by the piety and munificence of our ancestors, and there is sufficient evidence, both from ecclesiastical history and from some of those venerable remains of antiquity, to show that Scarborough was once adorned with many sacred edifices. Four Convents, four Churches, and two Hospitals are recorded to have been established here, viz. The Convent or Abbey of the Cistercians, founded in the reign of Henry III.; the Convent of Franciscan or Grey Friars, founded in 1245, 29th Henry III., by Sir Adam Sage; the Convent of Dominican or Black Friars, founded by Henry Percy Earl of Northumberland, in the same King's reign; the Convent of Carmelite or White Friars, by Edward II., in the year 1320; the Church of St. Nicholas, founded in the reign of Henry II., and that of St. Thomas the Martyr, with the two Hospitals, their appendages, of the same name; and the Churches of the Holy Sepulchre and St. Mary*. * See Speed, Dugdale, and Burton. CISTERCIAN ABBEY AND RECTORY. THE Cistercians, on their first establishment at Scarborough, which was previous to the reign of John, had only a solitary cell for the use of their community; but, through the liberal indulgence of Henry III., who granted them a site for an abbey, they were enabled to build a spacious edifice. The church of St Mary, the jurisdiction of the ancient chapel within the castle, and of all other chapels, as well within the walls of the town, as without, were confirmed to the Cistercians in the year 1283, 13th Edward I.; and all right of the Crown in the rectory was then given up*. The vicar of St. Mary's Church was to be appointed by the abbot, and the profits, during a vacancy, were to be received by the convent. The vicar was also to swear obedience, and to be removed at the will of the abbot. No person was allowed to erect a chapel in the parish, or an altar in any chapel, under the forfeiture of 101. The claim of the abbot of the Cistercians, as rector of Scarborough, to the profits of the chapel in the castle, was recognised and allowed in the 5th year of Edward III‡., and the custody of the rectory was granted to Hugh de Sancto Lupo, 16th of Edward III., on payment of a rent of 35 marks per annum to the Crown |. In the year 1363, 36th Edward III., licence was given to the abbot of the Cistercians to give a Vicarage-house to Henry Bentelowe, vicar of Scarborough, and his successors for ever §. * Cart. 13 Edw. I. No. 57. + Cart. 13 Edw. I. No. 57. ‡ Cl. roll. 5 Edw. III. pt. 2. m. 13, § Pat, 36 Edw. III. pt. 2. m. 30. |