Lond having that signification) to distinguish it from Brough or Burgh on the water. But yet to give a stronger evidence in the case, there have been found at Londesburgh several Roman coins of the middle or less brass. A great many repositories for the dead have also been discovered in digging in and about the town, park, gardens, and even under the hall. The bones were found to lie in pure clean chalk, seven or eight bodies or more, side by side, very fresh and entire, though in some places not above twenty or twenty-two inches deep from the surface.

From Delgovitia, the next station on the road to York, mentioned in the Itinerary, is Derventio, which Drake fixes at Stainfordburgh, now called Stamford-bridge *. From Londesburgh to this ford he imagines the road must have passed to Pocklington, whence the line directs you

* This place was celebrated for the battle fought between the English, under the command of Harold, and the Norwegians commanded by Hadrada (or Harfagar) their King, assisted by Tosti Count of Northumberland, 23d September, 1066. In the heat of the battle, Harold engaged Hadrada, and with a lance or dart pierced the throat of the Norwegian king. Tosti was slain by an uncertain hand, Harold obtained a complete victory.

A certain soldier of Norway, of gigantic stature and strength, was appointed, with others, to guard the passage at Stamford-bridge. On the approach of the English, he alone stepped to the foot of the bridge, and, with his battle-axe, sustained the shock of the assailants, slew above forty of them, and defended both the passage and himself, until an English soldier went in a boat under the bridge, and through a hole thereof thrust him into the body with a lance. In commemoration of this event, the inhabitants of Stamford-bridge have been accustomed to have a pie made on the anniversary of the day, in form of a boat.

A piece of ground, on the left hand of the bridge, is still called Battleflats; and several pieces of old swords have been found in the tillage fields.

on the north side of Barnby-moor toward Stainfordburgh. On the upper part of the moor, near Barnby town, some traces of a Roman pottery were discovered, near which were scattered pieces of urns, slag, and cinders; and it is worthy of observation, that the present road to York goes through this bed of sand and cinders; but the Roman way is supposed to lie a little on the right hand of it.

The next remarkable Bay, in Ptolemy, is called GABRANTOVICORUM* μg xoλos, Sinus Portuosus vel Salutaris; which must certainly be the present Bridlington-bay. A village upon its borders, now called Sureby, or Sure bay, is an exact translation of Ptolemy's Greek appellation.

From this famous Bay, the Roman ridge is very apparent for many miles, over the Wolds, directing in a straight line for York. The country people call it the Dikest. The vestige of this road was discovered at Sledmere, by the late Sir Christopher Sykes, in levelling a high bank forming one side of the Slade (Saxon word for a hollow way) near the Mere. The workmen came upon a very distinct layer of small gravelly stones, at almost two feet six inches, from the surface, laid in a convex form, nine feet wide, and six or seven inches thick, in the direction between York and Hunmanby; but after it ascends the hill' from Sledmere, it is more in the form of an entrenchment than a road, and has probably been used at different periods for both purposes.

From Sledmere, Drake traces the road on the Wolds, by Wharram-en-le-street, to Setterington-brow, whence he

*The name of Gabrantovici, is supposed to be derived from goats, goatherds. The Parisi, or Shepherds, inhabited the Wolds.

The Dikes at Huggitt, on the Wolds, are ancient vestiges of great extent. A plate of them was engraved by the order of the late Lord Burlington.

supposed it proceeded to Malton, the ancient CAMULODUNUM, a remarkable station in this district.

To make this station more considerable, it will be proper to take notice of two more bays on the sea-coast convenient for landing in. These are FILEY-BAY and SCARBURGH, which, though not put down in Ptolemy's general tables of the whole Roman empire, could not have been omitted in a particular geographical account of Britain. The art of sailing in the time of the Romans was very defective, and it is not to be supposed, when they set sail, or rather rowed from the Belgic or Gaulic coast for Britain, that they could be sure of their landing-place on the other side. These two considerable bays, then, must have been occasionally made use of by them; and though no military road does seemingly lead from them to Malton; yet we are not without some testimonies to prove it. From Filey to Flotmanby, the road is vulgarly called the Street; and in some grounds, on this road, was the vestige of a fortress, most probably Roman, now called CASTLE-HILL Hence the Street runs to Spittal, where it meets the Scarburgh road. Whoever, says Drake, surveys the way from Scarburgh to Seamer*, with an Antiquary's eye, will find several traces of Roman work on it; particularly, as he avers that it was very visible on both sides of the bridge, between Seamer and Spittal, which is over a rivulet that runs from the vast carrs in this place.

The quantity of large blue pebble, and the particular manner of jointing, sufficiently indicate it to be Roman. And were there no other testimony in the whole road but this, it would be a strong argument in it's favour. The

* Part of the ancient military road was discovered some few years since in Seamer-lane, about a mile from Scarborough, near the baru which belonged to the late Joseph Huntriss Esq., and is now the property of Mr. William Hesslewood.

road is evidently forced through these carrs, which were otherwise impassable, and seems to have required Roman industry and labour to perfect it. Beside, this is the direct way from Burlington-bay to Whitby, two noted Roman ports, and it is probable that there was a communication. by land between them. The COMITES LITTORIS SAXONICI, or guardians of these sea-coasts against the invasions of the Saxons, could not have defended them without such a junction. And it is not unlikely that some more visible testimonies of it remain on this road, if it were diligently investigated.

What is more to the purpose to deduce our Roman way from the port of Scarburgh to Spittal, (which last name comes from an hospital, and it was usual with our Christian Saxon ancestors to build such houses at the conjuncture of several roads, for the relief and entertainment of poor distressed travellers) here it may be presumed it met the Filey road, and ran with it, in a direct line for Malton; and though there be no remains NOW apparent to confirm this, yet the name of the Street* renders the conjecture probable. The Roman vicinary, or occasional roads, were not raised with such care and pains as their grand military ways; for which reason we are not to expect to meet with them at this day.

The next considerable port on the British coasts, is the DUNUS Sinus of Ptolemy, which Antiquaries have fixed near Whitby. Dunsley, now a village on the borders of this bay, bears yet some testimony of the ancient name; but what makes it more considerable is, a Roman road which leads from it, many miles over these vast moors and

*Street is derived from the Latin word stratum; and wherever we meet with a road called Street, or any town or village said to lie upon the Street, we may be assured that a Roman road was at or near it.

morasses toward York. This extraordinary road, at present disused, is called by the country-people Wade's Causey, concerning which they relate a ridiculous traditional story of Wade's wife, and her cow *. It is, however, worthy of observation, that this name accords with Camden's Saxon duke Wada, who, he says, lived at a castle on these coasts, and probably in the deserted Roman fortress, or station. Two stones, about seven feet high, and placed at twelve feet distance, are called Wade's Grave, as they believe that this Saxon prince was a giant. These stones are, probably, ancient sepulchral monuments.

Mr. Robert King †, late of Pickering, discovered the vestiges of the Dunus Sinus road in the fields near the village of Broughton, where eleven Roman urns were found, in making the fences of the late inclosure, and the stones of the roads are frequently ploughed up in the tillage-fields. Thence he traced it to the banks of the river Rye near Newsom-bridge; which river (he says) it has crossed. There was also another Roman road which passed westward, through the range of towns called Streettowns, viz. Appleton-le-street, Barton-le-street, &c. The

* The fabulous story is, that Wade had a cow, which his wife was obliged to milk at a great distance, on these moors; for her better convenience, he made this causeway, and she helped him by bringing great quantities of stones in her apron; but the strings breaking once with the weight, as well they might, a huge heap (about twenty cart load) is shown that dropped from her. The supposed rib of this monstrous cow is still shown to such as visit MULGRAVE CASTLE. But Mr. Charlton conceives it to be the bone of a whale; the common people, however, are still infatuated with the ancient opinion.

† Mr. King, who was employed as a surveyor, frequently traversed this part of the country on foot, and scrutinised every inch of the ground with his usual attention and accuracy.