Principles of Political Economy, with Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy, Том 1D. Appleton, 1896 |
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Adam Smith advantage afford agricultural amount applied buying capitalist causes circulating capital climate commodities considerable consumed consumption coöperation cultivation dealers demand desire of accumulation diminished distinction division of labour duced duction ductive employment England equivalent exertion exist expenditure expense favourable fixed capital funds greater gross produce human hundred quarters ical improvement income individual industry instruments instruments of production kind labour employed labouring classes land less limited machinery maize mankind manufacture materials means ments mode nations natural agents necessary objects obtained occupation operations persons Political Economy portion possess pounds sterling present principle productive labour productive power profit proportion purpose quantity remuneration render require rich richer or poorer saving society soil subsistence sufficient supply suppose surplus taxes term of disparagement things thousand pounds thousand quarters tion unless unproductive velvet wages wants wealth whole workmen
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Стр. 165 - ... the largest portions to those who have never worked at all, the next largest to those whose work is almost nominal, and so in a descending scale...
Стр. 287 - Happily, there is nothing in the laws of Value which remains for the present or any future writer to clear up ; the theory of the subject is complete...
Стр. 164 - The distribution of wealth, therefore, depends on the laws and customs of society. The rules by which it is determined, are what the opinions and feelings of the ruling portion of the community make them, and are very different in different ages and countries ; and might be still more different, if mankind so chose.
Стр. 125 - But if they had all wrought separately and independently, and without any of them having been educated to this peculiar business, they certainly could not each of them have made twenty, perhaps not one pin in a day...
Стр. 153 - A greater number of people cannot, in any given state of civilization, be collectively so well provided for as a smaller. The niggardliness of nature, not the injustice of society, is the cause of the penalty attached to overpopulation. An unjust distribution of wealth does not aggravate the evil, but, at most, causes it to be somewhat earlier felt. It is in vain to say that all mouths which the increase of mankind calls into existence bring with them hands.
Стр. 164 - It is not so with the Distribution of Wealth. That is a matter of human institution solely. The things once there, mankind, individually or collectively, can do with them as they like.
Стр. 98 - Capital which in this manner fulfils tliu whole of its office in the production in which it is engaged, by a single use, is called Circulating Capital.
Стр. 221 - Notes of a Traveller. 8vo. price 12s. Laing's (S.) Observations on the Social and Political State of the European People in 1848 and 1849: Being the Second Series of Notes of a Traveller.
Стр. 143 - Lavergne, undertaken by desire of the Academy of Moral and Political Sciences of the Institute of France, have led to the conclusion that since the Revolution of 1789, the total produce of French agriculture has doubled; profits and wages having both increased in about the same, and rent in a still greater ratio.
Стр. 267 - ... the ships and the conversation and adventures of the sailors should entice him to go to sea. The distant prospect of hazards, from which we can hope to extricate ourselves by courage and address, is not disagreeable to us, and does not raise the wages of labour in any employment. It is otherwise with those in which courage and address can be of no avail. In trades which are known to be very unwholesome, the wages of labour are always remarkably high. Unwholesomeness is a species of disagreeableness,...