Thus Belial, with words clothed in reason's garb, Counselled ignoble ease and peaceful sloth. Milton. He puts himself into the garb and habit of a professor of physick, and sets up. L'Estrange.

He saw his white walls shining in the sun,
His garden trees all shadowy and green;
He heard his rivulet's light bubbling run;
The distant dog-bark; and perceived between
The umbrage of the wood, so cool and deen,
The moving figures, and the sparkling sheen
Of arms (in the East all arm)—and various dyes
Of coloured garbs, as bright as butterflies.

GAR'BAGE, n.s. GAR'BIDGE, n. s. GAR BISH, n. s.

Byron. Don Juan. Goth. giorb; or Span. garbear. The internal Sviscera of the body.

And prey on garbage.

Id. Hamlet.

A flam more senseless than the roguery Of old Aruspicy and augury,

That out of garbages of cattle Presaged the' events of truce or battle. Hudibras. All shavings of horns, hoofs of cattle, blood, and garbage, is good manure for land. Mortimer.

In Newfoundland they improve their ground with the garbish of fish. Id. Husbandry.

GAR'BLE, v.a. Ital. garbellare; Span. GAR'BLER, n. s. garbellar. To separate, either in a good or bad sense; generally in the latter to mutilate or abbreviate.

But you, who fathers and traditions take, And garble some, and some you quite forsake.

Dryden.

The understanding works to collate, to combine, and garble the images and ideas, the imagination and memory present to it. Cheyne.

A farther secret in this clause may best be discovered by the projectors, or at least the garblers of it. Swift's Examiner.

GAR'BOIL, n. s. Fr. garbouille; Ital. garbuglio. Disorder or uproar.

Look here, and at thy sovereign leisure read What garboils she awaked.

Shakspeare. GARCIAS-LASSO, or GARCILASSO DE LA VEGA, a Spanish poet, was born at Toledo in 1503. The younger son of a noblemane he was early distinguished for his elegant wit and fancy, and adopted the poetical principles of his friend Boscan, which he was a principal instrument in rendering popular. His works consist principally of pastorals. Garcilasso followed the profession of arms, and attended Charles V. in many of his expeditions, in one of which he lost nis life at the early age of thirty-three.

GARCINIA, in botany, a genus of the monogynia order and dodecandria class of plants, and . in the natural method ranking under the eighteenth order, bicornes: CAL. tetraphyllous inferior, there are four petals; the berry is octospermous, and crowned with a shield-like stigma. Species four, all East Indian trees; the principal one is, G. mangostana, a tree of great elegance, growing to about seventeen or eighteen feet high, with a straight taper stem like a fir;' having a regular tuft in form of an oblong cone, composed of many branches and twigs, spreading out equally on all sides without leaving any hollow. Its leaves are oblong, pointed at both ends, entire, smooth, of a shining green on the upper side, and of an olive on the back, Its flower is composed of four petals almost round, or a little pointed; their color resembles that of a rose, only deeper and less lively. The calyx of this flower is of one piece, expanded, and cut into four lobes. The two upper lobes are something larger than the lower ones; they are greenish on the outside, and of a fine deep red within: the red of the upper ones is more lively than that of the lower ones. This calyx encloses all the parts of the flower; it is supported by a pe dicle, which is green, and constantly comes out of the end of a twig above the last pair of leaves. The fruit is round, of the size of a small orange, from an inch and a half to two inches in diameter. The body of this fruit is a capsula of one cavity, composed of a thick rind, a little like that of a pomegranate, but softer, thicker, and fuller of juice. Its thickness is commonly of a quarter of an inch. Its outer color is a dark brown purple, mixed with a little gray and dark green. The inside of the peel is a rose color, and its juice is purple. This skin is of a styptic or astringent taste, like that of a pomegranate; nor

does it stick to the fruit it contains. The inside of this fruit is a furrowed globe, divided into segments, like those of an orange, but unequal in size, and not adhering to each other. The number of these segments is always equal to that of the rays of the top which covers the fruit. The fewer there are of these segments, the bigger they are. There are often in the same fruit segments as big again as any of those that are on the side of them. These segments are white, a little transparent, fleshy, membranous, full of juice like cherries or raspberries, of the taste of strawberries and grapes together. Each of the segments encloses a seed of the figure and size of an almond stripped of its shell, having a protuberance on one of its sides. These seeds are covered with two sinall skins, the outermost of which serves for a basis to the filaments and membranes of which the pulp is composed. The substance of these seeds comes very near to that of chestnuts, as to their consistency, color, and astringent quality. This tree originally grows in the Molucca islands, where it is called mangostan, but has been transplanted thence to the islands of Java and Malacca, at which last place it thrives very well. Its tuft is so fine, so regular, so equal, and the appearance of its leaves so beautiful, that it is at present looked upon at Batavia as the most proper for adorning a garden and affording an agreeable shade. There are few seeds,

however, to be met with in this fruit that are good for planting, most part of them being abortive. Rumphius observes, that the inangostan is universally acknowledged to be the best and wholesomest fruit that grows in India; that its flesh is juicy, white, almost transparent, and of as delicate and agreeable a flavor as the richest grapes; the taste and smell being so grateful, that it is scarcely possible to be cloyed with eating it. He adds, that when sick people have no relish for any other food, they generally eat this with great delight; but, should they refuse it, their recovery is no longer expected. On the top of the fruit is the figure of five or six small triangles joined in a circle; and at the bottom several hollow green leaves, which are remains of the blossom. When they are to be eaten, the skin, or rather flesh, must be taken off; under which are found six or seven white kernels, placed in a circular order; and the pulp with which these are enveloped is the fruit, than which nothing can be more delicious. It is a happy mixture of the tart and the sweet, which is no less wholesome than pleasant: and, like the sweet orange, is allowed in any quantity to those who are afflicted with putrid or inflammatory fevers.

GARBIE, that division of Lower Egypt which is included between the Nile of Rosetta, and the Nile of Damietta. It is the best watered and most fertile part of the Delta, and is intersected by numerous canals, but it has no natural variety of surface: its ornaments are the luxuriant vegetation, and numerous villages, with which it is covered. Me-Mehallet el Kibeer is the principal town.

GARD, a department of France, part of Languedoc, and surrounded by the Mediterranean and the departments of the Lozère, the Ardeche, the Rhone, the Herault, and the Aveyron. It is divided into the four arrondissements of Nismes (the chief town), Uzès, Alais, and Vigan, and has a population of more than 322,000. It forms part of the ninth military division, and of the diocese of Avignon: in regard to jurisdiction, it is subject to the cour royale at Nismes.

This department is on the south, level and fertile: winter is here scarcely known, but the sirocco, and the crowds of mosquitoes are troublesome thunderstorms are also frequent. The northern part lies among the Cevennes, is rugged and barren, but populous, and carrying on a number of manufactures. It also has mines of copper, lead, iron, pit-coal, vitriol, and some of gold and silver. This department is on the whole considered one of the most thriving in France. The Protestant and Catholic population, however, being nearly equal, frequent religious disputes still occur, and are urged with disgraceful animosity. Hence the wars of the Cevennes so destructive. In our own day, the burning of houses, and the massacre of their inhabitants, occurred after the second return of Louis XVIII.

Gard, Pont du, is a celebrated Roman aqueduct, in the department of the Gard, joining two mountains, and passing over the Gard or Gardon. It is 157 feet in height, 530 in length at the bottom, and 872 at the top, and consists of three tiers of arches. The lowest tier has

six arches, the second eleven, and the third thirty-five, but these last are much smaller than the others. It supports a canal of four feet wide, and five deep, lined with a strong cement, which has never failed. The road to Nismes is made by a band of some miles to pass by this aqueduct, and a bridge is thrown over the Gardon, close to its eastern side. It is accessible only at its southern extremity. Its boldness and simplicity always excite the admiration of travellers. Rousseau says, the Romans alone were capable of producing such a work.

GARD, or GARDON, a river of Lower Languedoc, France, which rises in the Cevennes, and falls into the Rhone, three miles above Beaucaire. It is small, but is often increased by land floods.

GARDA, a lake of Austrian Italy, formed by the rivers Trent, Saraca, and Tuscolano; thirtyfive miles long, and from three to fourteen broad: the depth varies from ten to 300 feet. The whirlwinds from the mountains of Trent and Verona gave it a stormy motion resembling the waves of the sea. It was anciently named Banacus, and is described by Virgil in his Georgics, lib. 2, as peculiarly subject to these tempestuous motions:

'Benacus with tempestuous billows vext.'

From this, its ancient name, is derived the modern name of the department, Benaco, seated on its banks. Its fish are famous for their delicious flavor; and the fishery was formerly farmed at 8000 silver ducats. It belonged entirely to Verona before the treaty of Campo Formio. Near this lake Buonaparte's principal exploits against the Austrians took place in 1796.

GARDA, a small open town of Italy, in the Veronese, north of Lacize; it was anciently a fortress, with a citadel now in ruins, where the empress Adelheit, widow of Lothair, and wife of Otho I., was confined by Berenger II. It is seated at the end of the above lake, seventeen miles north-west of Verona.

"

GARDEN, n. s. & v. a. Sax. garda; Swe. GARDENER, n. s. garda; Goth. gard; GARDENING, n.s. Fr. jardin; Ital. giardino; Welsh, gardd. A piece of ground enclosed and cultivated, or laid out for pleasure: and hence any place peculiar for its fruitfulness and beauty, used in composition, as gardenmould, garden-tillage, garden-ware. The act of planning, and laying out a garden: the person who cultivates and superintends it.

Whan I thus herd the foules sing,
I fell fast in a waimenting,
By whiche art or by what engin
I might come into that gardin
But waie I couthe ne finden none
Into that gardin for to gone.

Chaucer, Romaunt of the Rose.
Thy promises are like Adonis's gardens,
Which one day bloomed, and fruitful were the next
Shakspeare.

My lord of Ely, when I was last in Holbourn,

I saw good strawberries in your garden there. Id. Our bodies are our gardens, to the which our wills are gardeners; so that, if we plant nettles, or sow let tuce, the power lies in our will.

I am arrived from fruitful Lombardy,
The pleasant garden of great Italy.

Id.

Id

In the royal ordering of gardens, there ought to be gardens for all the months in the year. Bacon.

When ages grow to civility and elegancy, men come to build stately sooner than to garden finely; as if gardening were the greater perfection. Id. Gardeners tread down any loose ground, after they Id. Natural History.

have sown onions or turnips.

At first, in Rome's poor age, When both her kings and consuls held the plough, Or gardened well. Ben Jonson's Catiline. Some Trees, when men oppresse their aged heads (With waighty stones) they fructifie the more; And, when upon some Herbs the gard'ner tread, They thrive and prosper, better than before.

Geo. Withers. They delight most in rich black garden-mould, that is deep and light, and mixed rather with sand than clay.

Mortimer.

A clay bottom is a much more pernicious soil for trees and garden-ware than gravel.

Id. Peas and beans are what belong to garden-tillage as well as that of the field. Id. Husbandry.

My compositions in gardening are after the Pindar

ick manner, and run into the beautiful wildness of nature, without affecting the nicer elegancies of art.

Spectator.

Common understandings, like cits in gardening, allow no shades to their picture.

Shenstone.

Earths coarsest tread, the garden's homeliest roots, And scarce the summer luxury of fruits His short repast in humbleness supply, With all a hermit's board would scarce deny.

Byron. Childe Harold. GARDENS, FLOATING. Abbé Clavigero, in his History of Mexico, says, that when the Mexicans were brought under subjection to the Colhuan and Tepanecan nations, and confined to the miserable little islands on the lake of Mexico, they had no land to cultivate, until necessity compelled them to form moveable fields and gardens, which floated on the waters of the lake. The method which they adopted to make these is extremely simple. They plait and twist together willows and roots of marsh plants or other materials, which are light, but capable of supporting the earth firmly united. Upon this foundation they lay the light bushes which float on the lake; and over all the mud and dirt which they draw up from the bottom. Their regular figure is quadrangular; their length and breadth various; but generally they are about eight perches long, and not more than three in breadth, and have less than a foot of elevation above the surface of the water. These were the first fields which the Mexicans had after the foundation of Mexico: there they first cultivated maize, pepper, and other plants. In time, as these fields became numerous from the industry of the people, they cultivated gardens of flowers and odoriferous plants, which they employed in the worship of their gods, and for the recreation of their nobles. All plants thrive in them surprisingly; the mud of the lake affords a very fertile soil, and requires no water from the clouds. In the large gardens there is commonly a little tree, and even a little hut to shelter the cultivator and defend him from rain or the sun. When the Chinampa, or owner of a garden, wishes to change his situation, to remove from a disagreeable neighbour, or to come nearer to his own family, he gets into his little vessel, and by his

own strength alone, if the garden is small, he tows it after him, and conducts it wherever he pleases.

GARDENS, HANGING, in antiquity, gardens raised on arches by Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, to gratify his wife, Amyctis, daughter of Astyages, king of Media. Q. Curtius makes them equal in height to the walls of the city, viz. fifty feet. They contained a square of 400 feet on every side, and were carried up into the air in several terraces laid one above another, and the ascent from terrace to terrace was by stairs ten feet wide. The arches sustaining the whole pile were raised one above another, and it was strengthened by a wall, surrounding it on every side, of twenty-two feet in thickness. The floors of each of the terraces were laid in the following manner:-On the top of the arches were first laid large flat stones, sixteen feet long and four broad. Over them was a layer of reed which were two rows of bricks, closely cemented mixed with a great quantity of bitumen; over together by plaster, and over all were laid thick sheets of lead; and upon the lead was laid the mould of the garden. The mould, or earth, was of such a depth as to admit the largest trees to take root and grow; and it was covered with various kinds of trees, plants, and flowers. In the upper terrace there was an engine, whereby water was drawn up out of the river for watering the whole garden.

GARDENING. See HORTICULTURE

GARDINIA, or GARDENIA, a genus of the monogynia order, and pentandria class of plants, natural order thirtieth, contorta. The lobes of the corollæ are bent obliquely to the right; style elevated; two-lobed; segments of the calyx vertical. Species nineteen; chiefly East Indian plants. From the bark of some species exudes à gum, like gum elemi, and the fruit of G. dumetorum, thrown into the water, intoxicates fishes.

GARDINER (colonel James), a brave and pious officer in the army, the son of captain Patrick Gardiner. His father had served under king William III. and queen Anne, and died in Germany after the battle of Hochstet. Our hero was born at Carriden, January the 10th, 1688. He was educated at Linlithgow, and made a very considerable progress in the languages, but, hav ing an attachment to the military life, he served very early as a cadet; and, at fourteen years of age, bore an ensign's commission in a Scots regiment in the Dutch service, wherein he continued till 1702; when he received a similar commission in a British regiment from queen Anne, which he bore in the famous battle of Ramillies. In this memorable action, being sent on a desperate service, he very narrowly escaped with his life. While calling to his men, a musket ball entered his mouth, and, without touching his tongue or his teeth, went through his neck, and came out about an inch and a half on the left side of the vertebrae. Not feeling the pain at first, he began to suspect he had swallowed the ball, till he fell with loss of blood. After this he passed two nights and all next day in the open air, in extreme cold weather, and had his wound dressed at last by an ignorant barber-surgeon; in spite of all which he reco

vered. In 1706 he was raised to a lieutenancy, and soon after made a cornet in lord Stair's regiment of Scots Greys; and, in 1715, a captainlieutenant of dragoons. When the earl of Stair went ambassador to France, he appointed him nis master of horse. In 1715 he was promoted to a captaincy; and, in 1717, to a majority. In 1724 he was made major of an older regiment; in 1730 he was advanced to the rank of lieutenant-colonel; and, in 1743, to that of colonel of a regiment of dragoons, at the head of which he fell, fighting bravely, at the battle of Preston Pans, on the 21st of September, 1745, in the fifty-eighth year of his age. In his person he was tall, graceful, strong built, and well-proportioned. He, in his younger years, plunged so deep in every fashionable vice, that his companions styled him the happy rake. But, in this vortex of vice and dissipation, he was suddenly arrested in a manner which he always considered as miraculous. Our limits permit us not to quote the full account, given by Dr. Doddridge; but the substance of it is as follows:In July, 1719, major Gardiner, having spent the Sabbath evening with some gay company till eleven, and having an assignation with a married woman at twelve, in order to kill the tedious hour,' took up a book, left by his mother or aunt in his chamber, entitled the Christian Soldier; wherein he expected to find some amusement from the author's spiritualising the terms of his profession. But, while reading it carelessly, he was surprised by a sudden and extraordinary blaze of light; and, upon looking up, beheld, to his astonishment, a visible representation of our Saviour on the cross, suspended in the air, and surrounded with glory; while, at the same time, he thought he heard a voice, saying, 'Oh! sinner, did I suffer this for thee, and are these thy returns? Struck with this amazing phenomenon, he sunk down in his arm-chair, and continued for some time insensible; from which circumstance Dr. Doddridge often suggested to him, that he was, perhaps, all the time asleep, and dreaming; but he himself considered it as not a dream, but a real waking vision. From that time to his death he became as eminently distinguished for piety as he had formerly been for profanity. In July, 1726, he married lady Frances Erskine, daughter of the earl of Buchan, by whom he had thirteen children. From the numerous anecdotes recorded by Dr. Doddridge, we shall only add one more, which may afford a useful example to others in an age wherein duelling is so frequent. He had been so much addicted to this fashionable folly in his younger years, that he had fought three duels before he was quite a man; but, to a challenge he received after his conversion, he made this calm reply: I fear sinning, though you know I do not fear fighting.' Dr. Doddridge has summed up his character in few words, in the quotation from Virgil, prefixed as a motto to his work :

-Justior alter

Nec pietate fuit, nec bello major et armis.

GARDINER (Stephen), bishop of Winchester, and chancellor of England, was born at Bury St. Edmund's, in 1483. He was natural son to

Richard Woodville, the brother of queen Elizabeth, wife to Edward IV., and was educated at Cambridge. He signed the divorce of Henry VIII. from Katharine of Spain; abjured the pope's supremacy; and wrote De Vera et Falsa Obedientia, in behalf of the king: yet in Edward VI.'s reign he opposed the Reformation, and was imprisoned; but was liberated by queen Mary. He drew up the articles of marriage between her and Philip II. of Spain. He was violent against the reformers, but on his deathbed often repeated these words, Erravi cum Petro, sed non flevi cum Petro; I have sinned with Peter, but I have not wept with Peter.' He died in 1555.

GARDNER (Alan, lord) a distinguished naval officer, born in the north of England, at the age of thirteen became a midshipman, and was made post-captain in the Preston, of fifty guns, which he commanded on the Jamaica station in 1766. In 1782 he removed to the Duke, of ninety-eight guns, in which ship he first broke the French line on the 12th of April. He was made rearadmiral in 1793, and appointed commanderin-chief on the Leeward Island station. After an ineffectual attempt on Martinico he returned home, and was employed as rear-admiral of the white under lord Howe. On the 1st of June, 1794, he so distinguished himself that he was made a baronet and major-general of marines. In 1800 he was created an Irish peer, and succeeded earl St. Vincent in 1807 in the command of the channel fleet. He sat in three successive parliaments, and was finally made a British peer with the title of baron Gardner of Uttoxeter. He died at Bath in 1809.

GARGANO, MONT, a mountainous tract of Italy, bounded by the gulf of Venice on the north-east and south, and the Neapolitan province of the Capitanata on the west. It is subject to Naples, and lies between 15° 37′ and 16° 21′ of E. long. and 41° 30′ and 41° 58′ of N. lat., including a territorial extent of 600 square miles. It consists of a circular range of mountains and hills, which enclose noble fertile valleys. The most remarkable points are Monte Calvo in the centre, Monte Sagro to the east, Monte Spigro to the north, Monte Gargarans to the west, and Monte di Rignano to the south. Monte Calvo, the highest, is supposed to be 5000 feet above the sea. The whole mass consists of secondary limestone, formed apparently at different times; containing metallic veins; but no mines have ever been opened: and the unadventurous inhabitants manufacture nothing, and neglect agriculture: many medical plants are however reared. Population 86,000. GAR'GARISM, n. s. Fr. gargarisme; Gr. GAR'GARIZE, V. a. γαργαρισμος. A liquid form of medicine, used to wash the mouth and throat.

Apophlegmatisms and gargarisms draw the rheum down by the palate. Bacon's Natural History. Vinegar, put to the nostrils, or gargarised, doth ease the hiccough; for that it is astringent, and inhibiteth the motion of the spirit. Id.

GARGARISMS are used when the mouth and throat are inflamed, or ulcerated. A small quantity may be taken into the mouth, and moved

briskly about, and then spit out; or, if the patient cannot do this, the liquor may be injected by a syringe. When gargles are required, their use should be more frequently repeated than is done in common practice.

GARGET, n. s. A distemper in cattle. The garget appears in the head, maw, or in the hinder parts. Mortimer's Husbandry.

GARGIL, a distemper in geese, which by stuffing the head frequently proves mortal. Three or four cloves of garlic, beaten in a mortar with sweet butter, made into little balls, and given fasting, are the ordinary means of cure.

GARGLE, n. s. & v. a. Fr. gargouiller; Ital. gargagliari; Ger. gurgel, from Lat. gurgulio, the throat. To wash the throat with a liquid, which is not swallowed: a liquid prepared for this use. To warble a play in the throat-this use is improper.

Gargle twice or thrice with sharp oxycrate.
Harvey.

Those which only warble long,
And gargle in their throats a song. Waller.
They comb, and then they order every hair;
Next gargle well their throats. Dryden's Pers.
So charmed you were, you ceased awhile to doat
On nonsense gargled in an eunuch's throat. Fenton.
The excision made, the bleeding will soon be stopt
by gargling with oxycrate.
Wiseman's Surgery.

His throat was washed with one of the gargles set down in the method of cure.

Id.

GARGOL, n. s. A distemper in hogs. The signs of the gargol in hogs are, hanging down of the head, moist eyes, staggering, and loss of appetite. Mortimer.

GARIDELLA, in botany, fennel flower of Crete, a genus of the trigynia order, and dodecandria class of plants; natural order twentysixth, multisiliquæ: CAL. pentaphyllous, with leaves resembling flower-petals; there are five bilabiate and bifid nectaria: CAPS. polyspermous, and adhering together. Species one only, a Cape

climber.

GARLAND, Fr. garlande, guirlande; Span. girlanda, probably of Lat. gero, to bear: or 'from gird and lada, or lindo, a fillet.'-Thomson. A wreath of flowers: used also figuratively as expressive of esteem and value.

And to the grove of which that I you told,
By aventure, his way he gan to hold,
To maken him a gorlond of the greves,
Were it of woodbind or of hawthorn leves.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale.
With every minute you do change a mind,
And call him noble that was now your hate,
Him vile, that was your garland.

Shakspeare.

You've made good work,

You and your apron-men, that stood so much
Upon the voice of occupation, and
The breath of garlickeaters.

Shakspeare. Coriolanus. This tree is pretty common in Jamaica, and several other places of America, where it usually rises to the height of thirty or forty feet, and spreads into many branches. When the flowers fall off the pointal, it becomes a round fruit, which, when ripe, has a rough, brownish rind, and a mealy sweet pulp, but a strong scent of garlick.

Miller.

acid and pungent taste. It is extremely active, as may Garlick is of an extremely strong smell, and of an be proved by applying plasters of garlick to the feet,

which will give a strong smell to the breath. Hill. GARLICK Pear tree. See CRATEVA. GARMENT. Old Fr. guarniment. A covering for the body.

My body to clothe, it maketh no force;
A morning mantle shal be sufficient
The grevous woundes of his pitous corse
Shal be to me a ful royal garnement.
Chaucer. Lament of Mary Magdaleine.
Each gan undight

Their garments wett and weary armour free
To dry themselves by Vulcanes flaming light,
And eke their lately bruyed parts to bring in plight.
Spenser. Faerie Queene.

Hence, rotten thing, or I shall shake thy bones Out of thy garments. Shakspeare. Coriolamus. Our leaf, once fallen, springeth no more; neither doth the sun or summer adorn us again with the gar ments of new leaves and flowers. Raleigh's History.

Three worthy persons from his side it tore, And dyed his garment with their scattered gore. Waller.

The peacock, in all his pride, does not display half the colours that appear in the garments of a British lady, when she is dressed.

GARNER, n. s. & v. a. Lat. grana; Ital. grenario.

Addison's Spectator. Fr. greniar, from A place in which