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for the shoad stones or grewts washed down from the hills, in order thence to trace out the running of the shoad up to the mine.

FRET-WORK, work adorned with frets. It is sometimes used to fill up and enrich flat empty spaces; but it is mostly practised in roofs which are fretted over with plasterwork.

FREUDENSTADT, a fortified town of Wirtemberg, founded in 1600, as an asylum for the persecuted German Protestants. It is seated in the Black Forest, twenty-four miles south-east of Strasburg, and thirty-six south-west of Stuttgard. A part of the French army, under general Jourdan, were posted here on the 7th April 1799, when they attacked the Austrians under the archduke Charles, but were forced to retreat. Population about 2400.

FREUDENTHAL, a town of Silesia, in Troppau, famous for fine linen and good horses. It is eleven miles south-west of Jagendorf, and seventeen west of Troppau.

FREYE-EMTER, a territory of Switzerland, surrounded by the cantons of Zurich, Bern, Lucern, and Zug; anciently called Rori and Waggenthal. The Swiss took it from count Hapsburg in 1415. It is twenty-four miles long, and twelve broad, and was united in 1803 to the canton of Argau. The soil is fertile, and the population, chiefly Catholics, about 20,000 souls.

FREYBERG, a celebrated mining town of Saxony, the capital of the Erzgebirg. It is situated 1200 feet above the level of the sea, on a small river called the Freybergische-Mulda. It is tolerably well built, and contains 9000 inhabitants, and the officers here have the superintendance of all similar establishments throughout Saxony. A mining academy was founded in 1765, and has been superintended or distinguished by the researches of Werner, Charpentier, Lampe, &c. There are attached to it a library, a cabinet, and a collection of models. A part of the students are educated gratis. The mines in the neighbouring district, 250 in number, employ about 5000 men. The establishment for amalgamation is said to be the most perfect in Europe. About a mile from the town are silver mines, of which the annual produce is from 10,000 to 15,000 lbs. of lead; the Freyberg mines yield only 1000 lbs.: they afford also copper, tin, silver, and vitriol. Here are also manufactures of hardware and cloth. Freyberg was the scene of a victory gained by Prince Henry of Prussia in 1762. It is eighteen miles S.S. W. of Meissen, and nineteen W. S. W. of

Dresden.

FREYBERG, or Przibor, a town of Moravia, twenty-eight miles E. N. E. of Prerau, and thirty-six east of Olmutz, with 3500 inhabitants. FREYBURG, OF FRIBURG, a well built town of Baden, in the entrance of the Black Forest, at the foot of a mountain. It was till lately the capital of Brisgau, and now of the circle of the Treisam. It has a population of about 10,000, and was formerly fortified, but was dismantled by the French in 1744. It is the seat of a university founded in 1456, and still flourishing.

FREYSINGEN, a town and bishopric of Bavaria, formerly an independent bishopric, now the chief place of a district in the circle of the

Iser. It stands in a valley between two em!nences, and there is a bridge here across the Iser. The town is well built: population 3500. The territory of Freysingen was given to Bavaria in 1802, and then contained 27,000 inhabitants. The bishopric, now become strictly a spiritual dignitary, was transferred in 1817 to Munich. Seventeen miles N. N. E. of Munich, and eighteen south-west of Landshut.

FREYSINGEN, or FRIESINGEN, an ecclesiastical principality of Germany in Bavaria, between Munich and Landshut. It comprehends the counties of Ismaning and Werdenfels, and the lordship of Burgkrain. FRIABILITY, n. s. Į FRI'ABLE, adj.

Fr. friable; Lat. friSabilis. Easily crumbled; easily reduced to powder. The noun designates the capacity or tendency to such reduction.

A spongy excrescence groweth upon the roots of the laser-tree, and sometimes on cedar, very white, light, Bacon. and friable, which we call agarick.

Hardiness, friability, and power to draw iron, are qualities to be found in a loadstone.

The liver, of all the viscera, is the most friable, and
Arbuthnot on Diet.

easily crumbled or dissolved.
FRI'AR, n. s.
FRI'AR-LIKE, adj.
FRI'ARLY, adj.
FRI'ARY, n. s. & adj.
the church of Rome.

A corruption of the French frère, A religious; a brother of some regular order in The derivatives have all a direct or remote relation to this etymon: thus friar-like is monastic, after the manner of those who are secluded in religious houses, unskilled in the world. So also, friarly and friary, except that the latter is used as a noun, and signifies a monastery or convent of friars.

A Frere there was, a wanton and a mery, A limitour, a full solempue man, In all the ordres foure is non that can So moche of daliance and fayre langage. He hadde ymade ful many a mariage Of yonge wimmen at his owen cost; Until his ordre he wos a noble post. Chaucer. Prologue to the Cant. Tales. Their friarlike general would the next day make one holyday in the Christian calendars, in remembrance of thirty thousand Hungarian martyrs slain of the Turks.

Holy Franciscan friar! brother! ho!

Knolles.

Shakspeare.

All the priests and friars in my realm, Shall in procession sing her endless praise. Id. Francis Cornfield did scratch his elbow when he had sweetly invented to signify his name, St. Francis,

with a friary cowl in a corn field. Camden's Remains.

Seek not proud riches, but such as thou mayest get justly, use soberly, distribute cheerfully, and leave contentedly; yet have no abstract nor friarly contempt of them. Bacon's Essays.

He's but a friar, but he's big enough to be a pope. Dryden. Many jesuits and friars went about in the disguise of Presbyterian and Independent ministers to preach Swift. up rebellion.

FRIAR, OF FRIER. Lat. frater; Ital. fra; and Fr. frère, i. e. brother. A term common to monks of all orders, founded on the supposition that there is a kind of brotherhood presumed between the religious persons of the same monastery. Friars are generally distinguished into

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these four principal branches, viz. 1. FRANCIS CANS, minors, or gray friars; 2. AUGUSTINES; 3. DOMINICANS, or black friars; 4. CARMELITES, or white friars. From these four the rest of the orders descend. See these articles.

FRIAR, in a more peculiar sense, is restrained to such monks as are not priests; for those in orders are usually dignified with the appellation of father.

FRIARS OBSERVANT (fratres observantes) were a branch of the Franciscans; thus called because not combined together in any cloister, convent, or corporation, as the conventuals are; but only agreeing among themselves to observe the rules of their order more strictly than the conventuals did, from whom they separated themselves out of a singularity of zeal, living in certain places of their own choosing.

FRI'ARSCOWL, n. s. Friar and cowl. A plant. It agrees with arum, from which it differs only in having a flower resembling a cowl. FRIB'BLE, v. n. & n. s. Fr. frivole; Lat. FRIBBLER, n. s. frivolus, trifling. To trifle: a trifler; a fop; an imbecile. Though cheats, yet more intelligible Than those that with the stars do fribble.

Hudibras.

A fribbler is one who professes rapture for the woman, and dreads her consent. Spectator. FRIBOURG, a canton of Switzerland, between that of Berne and the Pays de Vaud: its extent is computed at 2836 square miles; and its population at 68,000. The north division contains extensive and fertile plains: southward it is mountainous and sterile. Its principal river is the Sane, which flows northward through the centre of the canton. Pasturage is the chief occupation of the inhabitants, who export cattle, butter, and cheese, particularly that known throughout the continent by the name of gruyere, and import much of their corn from France. The inhabitants are chiefly Catholics, the Calvinists not exceeding 8000: in some parts they speak German, in others a corrupt French. There are few manufactures; and the government is a mixture of aristocracy and democracy: in 1803 the canton was divided into the five districts of Fribourg Proper, Marten, Bulle, Romont, and Estavayer.

FRIBOURG, a large town of Switzerland, the capital of the foregoing canton, situated on the Sane, in a most singular and picturesque situation, thus elegantly described by Mr. archdeacor Coxe:

'It stands partly in a small plain, partly on bold acclivities on a ridge of rugged rocks, half encircled by the Sane; and is so entirely concealed by the circumjacent hills, that the traveller scarcely catches the smallest glimpse, until he bursts upon a view of the whole town from the overhanging eminence. The fortifications, which consist of high stone walls and towers, enclose a circumference of about four miles; within which space the eye comprehends a singular mixture of houses, rocks, thickets, and meadows, varying instantly from wild to agreeable, from the bustle of a town to the solitude of the deepest retirement. The Sane winds in such a serpentine manner as to form in its course, within the

space of two miles, five obtuse angles, between which the intervening parts of the current are parallel to each other. On all sides the descen to the town is extremely steep: in one place the streets even pass over the roofs of the houses. Many of the edifices are raised in regular gradation, like the seats of an amphitheatre; and many overhang the edge of a precipice in such a manner that, on looking down, a weak head would be apt to turn giddy. But the most extraordinary point of view is from the Pont-neuf. On the north-west a part of the town stands boldly on the sides and the piked back of an abrupt ridge; and from east to west a semicircle of high perpendicular rocks is seen, whose base is washed and undermined by the winding Sane, and whose tops and sides are thinly scattered with shrubs and underwood. On the highest point of the rocks, and on the very edge of the precipice, appears, half hanging in the air, the gate called Bourguillon: a stranger standing on the bridge would compare it to Laputa, or the Flying Island in Gulliver's Travels; and would not conceive it to be accessible but by means of a cord and pulleys. The houses, constructed with a gray sandstone, are neat and well built; and the public edifices, particularly the cathedral, are extremely elegant.' Population 6500. Fribourg lies sixteen miles south-west of Bern, and seventyfive of Zurich. The best buildings are the Jesuits' church, and the cathedral of St. Nicholas; the principal seminary for education is called the college of St. Michael. This town was taken by the French in 1798.

FRICASSEE, n. s. Fr. A dish made by cutting chickens or other small things in pieces, and dressing them with strong sauce.

Oh, how would Homer praise their dancing dogs, Their stinking cheese, and fricacy of frogs; He'd raise no fables, sing no flagrant lie, Of boys with custard choaked at Newberry. FRICATION, n. s. of rubbing one thing against another. Lat. fricatio. The act

King.

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Resinous or unctuous bodies, and such as will flame, attract vigorously, and most thereof without frication, as good hard wax, which will convert the needle almost as actively as the loadstone. Browne.

FRICKTHAL, a district in the canton of Aargau, Switzerland, on the south side of the Rhine, extending from Augst to Botzberg. Population about 20,000; chiefly Catholics. This district, important as a military position, belonged to the Brisgau until 1801.

FRICTION, Fr. friction, frictio, from Latin frico; à Gr. opin, cold (because those who are cold rub themselves).-Ainsworth. The act of rubbing two bod es together; the resistance in machines caused by the motion of one body upon another; medical rubbing with the fleshbrush or cloths.

Frictions make the parts more fleshy and full, as we see both in men and in the currying of horses; so that they draw a greater quantity of spirits to the parts.

Bacon

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FRICTION is called also attrition. The phe nomena arising upon the friction of divers bodies, under different circumstances, are very numerous and considerable. Mr. Hawksbee gives a number of experiments of this kind; particularly of the attrition or friction of glass, under various circumstances, the result of which was that it yielded light and became electrical bodies by friction are brought to conceive heat; many of them to emit light; particularly a cat's back, sugar, beaten sulphur, mercury, sea water, gold, copper, &c. but above all diamonds, which when briskly rubbed against glass, gold, or the like, yield a light equal to that of a live coal when blowed by the bellows. See ELECTRICITY. FRICTION, in mechanics, arises from the roughness or asperity of the surface of the body moved on, and that of the body moving or such surfaces consisting alternately of eminences and cavities, either the eminences of the one must be raised over those of the other, or they must be both broken and worn off; but neither can happen without motion, nor can motion be produced without a force impressed. Hence the force applied to move the body is either wholly or partly spent to this effect; and consequently there arises a resistance, or friction, which will be greater, cæteris paribus, as the eminences are the greater and the substance the harder: and as the body, by continual friction, diminishes. Messrs. Amontons, De la Hire, Camus, Desaguliers, Muschenbroek, Ferguson, Euler, and other mechanicians, have made a number of ingenious experiments to settle a principle for the exact calculation of the quantity of friction. But the most successful set of experiments made on this subject are those of the Rev. Samuel Vince, A. M. of Cambridge; published in the 75th volume of the Philosophical Transactions, p. 165. Mr. Emerson, in his Principles of Mechanics, has also made several important remarks on the friction of wood and metals. See MECHANICS.

FRICTION, in medicine and surgery, is performed with oils, unguents, or other matters, to relieve or cure a diseased part. Frictions with mercurial ointment are much used in venereal cases. The application of mercury externally by friction is preferred to giving it internally, to raise a salivation. Frictions with the flesh-brush, a linen cloth, or even the hand alone, contribute greatly to health, in all diseases where the circulation of the blood and humors is impeded, or the power of the nerves weakened. Persons therefore of weak nerves, and sedentary lives, should supply the want of other exercise by spending half an hour, morning and night, in rubbing their whole body, especially their limbs, with a flesh-brush. This is most advantageously performed when the primæ viæ are most empty.

FRIDAY, n. s. Sax. Frige dag. The sixth day of the week, so named of Freya, a Saxon deity.

Right as the Friday, sothly for to tell,
Now shineth it, and now it raineth fast;
Right so can gery Venus overcast
The hertes of hire folk; right as hire day
Is gerfull, right so changeth she aray :
Selde is the Friday all the weke ylike.

Chaucer. The Knightes Tale. An' she were not kin to me, she would be as fair on Friday as Helen is on Sunday. Shakspeare.

For Venus, like her day, will change her cheer, And seldom shall we see a Friday clear. Dryden. FRIDAY, by the Romans, was called dies Veneris. See FREA.

FRIDSTOL, one of the ancient immunities granted to churches. The word signifies a seat, chair, or place of peace and security, where criminals might find safety and protection. Of these there were many in England; but the most famous were those at Beverly, and in St. Peter's church at York, granted by charter of king Henry I.

FRIEDLAND, a town of Mecklenburg, in Stargard. It contains 3400 inhabitants; but the neighbourhood is marshy. It is fourteen miles north-east of New Brandenburg, and twenty-five south-east of Demmin.

FRIEDLAND, a town in the circle of Konigsberg, East Prussia, on the Alle, famous for a battle gained by Buonaparte over the Russians and Prussians on the 14th of June 1807, which led to the peace of Tilsit. Inhabitants 2120. The loss of the allies, in killed and wounded, was nearly 20,000 men.

FRIEND, n. s. & v. a. FRIEND'ED, adj. FRIEND'LESS, adj. FRIEND'LINESS, n. s. FRIENDLY, adj. & adv. FRIEND'SHIP, n. s.

Saxon Freod; Belg. vriend.vriendschap; Goth. frand; Dan. frende; Scot. frend, all probably from Gothic fræ,

fran, Swed. vred. This word, with its derivatives, is pronounced frend, frendly: the i totally neglected. One united to another in mutual benevolence and intimacy; one reconciled to another distinguished from an enemy or one that has hostile intentions; a favorer of our persons rivatives speak for themselves, or their illustraor interests; a familiar compellation. The detions will explain them.

Friend, how camest thou in hither?

Matt. xxii. 12. Some man is a friend for his own occasion, and will not abide in the day of thy trouble. Eccl. vi. 8.

Forsoth nature driveth us to love our frendes; and, parfay, our enemies have more nede of love than our frendes, and they that more nede have, certes to hem shal men do goodnesse.

Chaucer. The Persones Tale. Than cometh discord that unbindeth all manner of Id. friendship.

the father of virtue; for many strongly knit minds Be careful to make friendship the child, and not are rather good friends than good men; so although they do not like the evil their friend does, yet they like him who does the evil. Sir P. Sidney.

For Rhodoricke, whose surname shal be Great, Shall of himselfe a brave ensample shew,

That Saxon kings his friendship shall intreat; And Howell Dha shall goodly well endew The salvage minds with skill of just and trew. Spenser's Faerie Queene.

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Id.

Gracious, my lord, hard-by here is a hovel : Some friendship will it lend you 'gainst the tempest: Repose you there. Id. King Lear. There is little friendship in the world, and least of all between equals, which was wont to be magnified; that that is, is between superior and inferior, whose fortunes may comprehend the one the other. Bacon.

If she repent, and would make me amends, Bid her but send me hers, and we are friends.

Carew. False friendship, like the ivy, decays, and ruins the walls it embraces; but true friendship gives new life and animation to the object it supports. Burton.

Hope! thou sad lover's only friend!
Thou way that may'st dispute it with the end!
For love I fear 's a fruit that does delight
The taste itself less than the smell than sight.

Cowley.

Let all the intervals be employed in prayers, charity, friendliness and neighbourhood, and means of spiritual and corporal health. Taylor.

Milton.

Not that Nephente, which the wife of Thone
In Egypt gave to Jove-born Helena,
Is of such power to stir up joy as this,
To life so friendly, or so cool to thirst.
What supports me, dost thou ask?
The conscience, friend, t' have lost mine eyes o'erplyed
In liberty's defence.

Thou to mankind

Be good and friendly still, and oft return.
The friendly loadstone has not more combined
Than bishops cramped the commerce of mankind.

Id.

Id.

Marvell.

Such a liking and friendliness as hath brought forth
Sidney.

the effects.

We know those colours which have a friendship with each other, and those which are incompatible, in mixing together those colours of which we would make trial. Dryden's Dufresnoy.

My sons, let your unseemly discord cease, If not in friendship, live at least in peace.

Dryden.

The king ordains their entrance, and ascends His regal seat, surrounded by his friends.

Id.

Id.

To some new clime, or to thy native sky, Oh friendless and forsaken Virtue fly. Every man is ready to give in a long catalogue of those virtues and good qualities he expects to find in the person of a friend; but very few of us are careful to cultivate them in ourselves. Spectator.

Woe to him that is alone, is verified upon none so much as upon the friendless person. South.

Learn to dissemble wrongs, to smile at injuries, And suffer crimes thou want'st the power to punish: Be easy, affable, familiar, friendly. Rowe's Ulysses.

Let the Naussau-star in rising majesty appear,
And guide the prosperous mariner,
With everlasting beams of friendly light.

Prior.

Yet there are watchmen, who with friendly light
Will teach thy reeling steps to tread aright,
For sixpence will support thy helpless arm
And home conduct thee safe from nightly harm.
Gay.

Like friendly colours found our hearts unite,
And each from each contract new strength and light.
Pope

To what new crime, what distant sky,
Forsaken, friendless, will ye fly?

Id.

Swift.

His friendships, still to few confined,
Were always of the middling kind.
What watchful care must fence that weary state,
Which deadly foes begirt with cruel siege;

And frailest wall of glass, and trait'rous gate
Strive which should first yield up their woeful siege?
By enemies assailed, by friends betrayed
When others hurt, himself refuses aid:

By weakness 'self, his strength is foiled and over-
Fletcher's Purple Island.

layed.
At the same time that you carefully decline the
friendship of knaves and fools, if it can be called
friendship, there is no occasion to make either of them
your enemies, wantonly and unprovoked; for they are
numerous bodies; and I would rather choose a secure
neutrality, than an alliance or war, with either of
them.
Chesterfield.
How bright soe'er the prospect seems,
All thoughts of Friendship are but dreams
If envy chance to creep in;

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May prove a dangerous foe indeed,
But not a Friend worth keeping.
Hail to the welcome shout!-the friendly speech!
When hand grasps hand uniting on the beach;
The smile, the question, and the quick reply,
And the heart's promise of festivity!

Byron. Corsair. FRIENDLY ISLANDS, a group, or archipelago of islands in the Southern Pacific Ocean, of very considerable extent, and consisting of more than bare rocks or shoals, or barren and desert. The 100 islands, the greater part of which are either following are the most important that have been enumerated :-Amsterdam, as it was called by Tasman, who discovered it in 1642, now more generally known by the native names Tonga, or ing to Tasman; Eooa, called by Tasman, MidTongataboo; Annamooka, or Rotterdam, accordFoa, Lefooga, and Hoolawa; Mayorga, a group dleburgh; the Hapaee Islands, namely, Haanno, of islands about 100 miles north of Hapaee, discovered in 1781 by Maurelle, the Spanish navigator, and visited by Edwards in 1791, by whom the group was named Howe's Islands; Neootabootaboo, and Kootahe, discovered by Schouten and Lemaire in 1616, and visited by captain Wallis in 1767, who called them Keppel's and Boscawen's Islands; Toofoa, or Amattafoa; also been sometimes included. Captain Cook Hamoa and Vavaoo. The Fedjee Islands have gave them this name from what he observed of their friendly disposition; and to his Voyages we owe the principal knowledge of them: but more modern navigators have, as we shall see, considerably qualified his eulogium on their character. The general appearance of these islands · is throughout very similar.

Tongataboo, i. e. Sacred Island, is the largest and best known of the group, being twenty leagues in circumference E. S. E. and W.N.W. The south, east, and west, shores are formed of steep coral rocks, ten to twelve feet high, with intervals of sandy beach, on which, at low water, a line of black rocks is observed. The north shore is level with the water, bordered by a sandy beach, and lined with shoals and islets. The whole island is low and level, and its appearance conveys an idea of the most exuberant fertility; the entire surface being covered with verdure, and amongst the trees the cocoa palm raises its head pre-eminent; unhappily, however, the island is deficient in fresh water, and what there is, in general, is very indifferent.

The coral rock, which forms the base of the island, is in many places naked; but the soil in other parts is of considerable depth, and is in the cultivated grounds a black vegetable mould over a sub-stratum of clay. In the lowest ground the soil is a mere coral sand, but still covered with vegetation. The only stones, except coral, observed on the island, are small blue pebbles, and a smooth black stone, lapis lydius, of which the natives make their hatchets; but it is not certain that both these are not brought from other islands. The following description of a village, from captain Cook, will give a general idea of the dwellings of the natives :

It is delightfully situated on the bank of the inlet, where all or most of the principal persons of the island reside, each having his house in the midst of a small plantation, with lesser houses and offices for servants. These plantations are neatly fenced round, and, for the most part, have only one entrance. This is by a door fastened on the inside by a prop of wood, so that a person has to knock before he can get admittance. Public roads and narrow lanes lie between each plantation, so that no one trespasseth upon another. Great part of some of these enclosures is laid out in grass-plats, and planted with such things as seem more for ornament than use; but hardly any were without the kava-plant, from which they make their favorite liquor. Every article of the vegetable produce of the island abounded in others of these plantations; but these, I observed, are not the residence of people of the first rank. There are some large houses near the public roads, with spacious smooth grass-plats before them, and unenclosed. These, I was told, belonged to the king; and, probably, they are the places where their public assemblies are held.' This island has the best harbour of the group, within several islands and reefs on the north side.

Annamooka, the Rotterdam of Tasman, is more elevated than the small islands which surround it, but still can be considered only as a low island. In the centre is a salt lake, one mile and a half broad, round which the land rises with a gradual ascent, and its surface is covered with wild ducks. The north shore is composed of steep coral cliffs, nine or ten feet high, with some intervals of sandy beach. There is no stone but zoral on the island, except a single rock twenty to thirty feet high, of a yellow calcareous and very hard stone. The population captain Cook Vor. IX.

estimated at 2,000. The water on the island is better than that at Tongataboo, but yet is indifferent: the best is procured by digging holes near the side of the lake. Fruit is more abundant on this island than on the former, and the undulating surface gives it a more pleasingly varied appearance.

Eooa, the Middleburg of Tasman, may be considered as an elevated island, in comparison with the generality of those of these seas, being visible twelve leagues. The highest part is on the southeast, and is almost flat, whence it declines very gently towards the sea, and presents an extensive prospect, where groves of trees are only interspersed at irregular distances, in beautiful disorder, and the rest of the land covered with grass. Near the shore it is shaded with trees, among which the natives dwell. On the northwest side is English Road, where boats may always land; and captain Cook found some good water in this direction.

Happee, though considered by the natives as one island, is in reality composed of four very low islands, about half a mile distant from each other, lying north-east and south-west, but all joined by coral reefs, which are dry at low water. The whole occupies a space of nineteen miles in length, and each island is about six or seven miles long, and two to four miles broad. Lefooga is well cultivated and inhabited. Hoolaiva, on the contrary, is entirely desert and abandoned. On each of these islands is an artificial mount, said by the natives to be erected in memory of some of their chiefs. The only water either of these islands possesses is from very brackish wells.

Between Happee and Annamooka the sea is sprinkled with islets and reefs, two of which only deserve notice, Toofooa and Kao. The former is a volcano, which, according to the natives, sometimes throws out large stones; and while captain Cook was here smoke and flames issued from it. It is inhabited.

Kao is north-west two miles and a half from Toofooa, and is a vast rock of a conical figure. The other islands in the vicinity are mere coral reefs, from a mile to half a mile in circumference, but all covered with verdure, and particularly cocoa palms.

Komango has a pretty large pond of tolerable water, but no appearance of a running stream.

Kootoo is two miles long, and nearly the same breadth. Its north-west end is low, but it rises suddenly towards the middle; and on the southeast it terminates in reddish clayey cliffs. It is cultivated and inhabited. Its only water is from dirty and brackish ponds.

From the situation of the Friendly Islands towards the tropic, the climate is more variable than nearer the equator. The winds are usually from some point between south and east, and when moderate the weather is fair, but when fresh there is often rain. They sometimes veer to the north, and even north-west, with hot sultry weather, and heavy rain; but these winds never last long, nor blow fresh. All the vegetable productions are evergreens: of cultivated fruits the principal are plantains, of which there are thirteen varieties; the bread-fruit, the jambu, and

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