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London, he contrived machinery for raising the Thames water into all the high streets. He also suggested several improvements in the coinage, which he acquired a patent to try in Ireland, but died there before he could put it into execution, September 3d, 1670. He was the author of a Design for bringing up a River from Rickmansworth, Herts, to St. Giles' in the Fields, London, 1641, 4to.; Experimental Proposals to pay the Fleet, re-build London, establish the Fishing Trade, &c., 1666, 4to. To this last work was added A Defence of Bill Credit; and in 1663 he printed a Proposal for raising Money by Bills of Exchange, which should pass current instead of Money, to prevent Robbery. Wood speaks of him as a man of promising talents.

FORDINGBRIDGE, a town of Hampshire situated on the north-west side of the Avon, and on the borders of the New Forest. Although it is a small inland town, it is mentioned in Domesday-book, as having formerly had a church, and two mills. The principal manufacture is that of Cuecas and bed-ticks, and there is a calico printing-field. A the south-east entrance of the town there is a handsome stone bridge of seven arches over the Avon. The government of the town is vested in a constable, who is chosen annually at the court-leet of the lord of the manor. It has a weekly market on Saturday, and a fair September 9th. It lies six miles from Ringwood, twelve from Salisbury, and ninetyone from London.

FORDUN (John de), a Scotch ecclesiastic of the fourteenth century, the author of the Scotochronicon. He was possessed of the benefice of Fordun in 1377, having dedicated his history to the bishop of Glasgow from thence. In 1722 Hearne published at Oxford, Joannis de Fordun Scoto-chronicon Genuinum, una cum ejusdem Supplemento ac Continuatione, 3 vols., 8vo. Part of the work had previously appeared in the Quindecim Scriptores; it was also published by Goodall, 2 vols., folio, Edinburgh, 1759.

FORDWICH, a town of Kent, called in the Domesday Book, the little borough of Fordwich,' is a member of the port of Sandwich, and was anciently incorporated by the style of the barony of the town of Fordwich, and enjoys the same privileges as the cinque-ports. It is famous for excellent trouts, taken in the Stour. It is said to have once been a more extensive place than at present, having suffered frequently by fire. FORDYCE (David), an elegant and learned writer, born at Aberdeen in 1711. After receiving the early part of his education at the grammar-school, he was, at the age of thirteen, entered at the Greek class in the Marischal College, Aberdeen; and in 1728 he obtained the degree of M. A., and became a professor of moral philosophy in the same college in 1742. He was designed for the ministry, and in 1748 published a work entitled Theodorus, or the Art of Preaching. Having finished this work, he went abroad in 1750; but, after a successful tour through several parts of Europe, he was unfortunately shipwrecked in a storm on the coast of Holland, in the forty-first year of his age. He wrote also Dialogues on Education, 8vo.; and a Treatise on Moral Philosophy, published in the

Preceptor. The third edition of his Theodorus was published in London by his brother.

FORDYCE (George), an eminent physician and lecturer on medicine, nephew of the preceding was born near Aberdeen in 1736. He received his education at the university of that city, and attained the literary degree of M. A. when only fourteen years of age. In about a year after this he was placed with an uncle, a surgeon and apothecary, at Uppingham in Rutlandshire, After residing some time at Uppingham, he went to prosecute his studies at the university of Edinburgh, and there his assiduity and attainments gained particular attention from Dr. Cullen, then professor of chemistry. From Edinburgh he went to Leyden, where, in 1758, he took his doctor's degree, though only twenty-two years of age. After residing one winter at Leyden, the greater part of his patrimony being spent in the prosecution of his studies, he determined to settle in London, which he did in 1759. In this metropolis he commenced with a course of lectures on the materia medica; and in 1768 published his Elements of the Practice of Physic, which formed the text book of his medical course. By this time he had acquired a very respectable private practice; and in 1770 was appointed physician to St. Thomas's Hospital. In 1776 he was chosen Fellow of the Royal Society; and in 1787 a Fellow of the College of Physicians. About this time he published his Elements of Agriculture and Vegetation; besides which he wrote an Essay on Digestion, four Essays on Fever, and various miscellaneous papers. Though his constitution discovered symptoms of premature decay, he continued to discharge his professional duties till the 26th of June, 1802, when he was carried off by an irregular gout and water in the chest, in the sixty-sixth year of his age.

FORDYCE (James), an eminent Scottish divine, was born at Aberdeen in 1720. His first settlement as a minister was at Brechin, in the county of Angus; whence he was called to Alloa near Stirling. While he resided at Alloa, the attention of the public was particularly drawn towards him by the excellence of his pulpit compositions. The university of Glasgow conferred on him the degree of D.D. Having many friends in London, he received an invitation to go there, as assistant to Dr. Lawrence, minister of a respectable congregation in Monkwell Street, which he accepted about 1762; and Dr. Lawrence dying a few months after, the eloquence of Dr. Fordyce soon became famous, and for several years attracted crowded audiences. But Dr. Fordyce lived to see his popularity decline, and his pews became thin. Many of his most steady hearers and liberal supporters withdrew from him on account of the losses they sustained by the failure of a younger brother, an extensive banker; and his hearers were still farther diminished by an unhappy difference which took place between him and his colleague, Mr. Toller, about 1775. In a short time after this, the declining state of his health made it necessary for him to resign his charge; Mr. James Lindsay was accordingly appointed his successor in 1782; and at his ordination the doctor delivered one of his most eloquent sermons. Dr. Fordyce now retired to

Hampshire, where he lived in the vicinity of the earl of Bute, being very intimate with that nobleman, and having the freest access to his valuable library; but he afterwards removed to Bath, where he died of an asthmatic complaint, on the 1st October, 1796, in the seventy-sixth year of his age. Dr. Fordyce is known as the author of Sermons to Young Women, 2 vols. 12mo., which have been translated into several European languages; A Sermon on the Character and Conduct of the Female Sex; Address to Young Men, 2 vols. 12mo.; Addresses to the Deity; a volume of Poems; A Discourse on Pain, and Additions to his brother's Temple of Virtue.

FORE, adj. & adv. Sax. Foɲe; Goth. vor; Belg. voor. Anterior; coming first in a progressive motion: fore is a word much used in composition to mark priority of time. À vicious orthography, says Dr. Johnson, has confounded for and fore in composition.

Each of them will bear six demiculverins and four sakers, needing no other addition than a slight spar deck fore and aft, which is a slight deck throughout. Raleigh's Essays.

Though there is an orb or spherical area of the sound, yet they move strongest and go farthest in the fore lines from the first local impression.

Bacon.

Resistance in fluids arises from their greater pressing on the fore than hind part of the bodies moving Cheyne. in them.

FORE, a town of Ireland, in Westmeath, twenty-two miles from Dublin, is a small borough, supposed anciently to have bee a seat of learning. It contains the ruins of a monastery and three churches, as well as the cell of an anchorite. It is seated on Lough-Lane, meaning he Lake of Learning. FOREADVI'SE, v. a. Fore and advise. To counsel early; to counsel before the time of action, or the event.

Thus to have said,

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Your raven has a reputation in the world for a bird of omen, and a kind of small prophet: a crow that had observed the raven's manner and way of delivering his predictions, sets up for a foreboder. L'Estrange.

My soul foreboded I should find the bower Of some fell monster, fierce with barb'rous power. Pope.

Spirit of freedom! when on Phyle's brow 'Inou sat'st with Thrasybulus and his train, Couldst thou forebode the dismal hour which now Dims the green beauties of thine Attic plain. Byron. Childe Harold. FOREBY', prep. Fore and by. Near; hard by; fast by.

Not far away he hence doth won
Foreby a fountain, where I late him left.

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Shakspeare.

The feast was served; the time so well forecast, That just when the dessert and fruits were placed, The fiend's alarm began.

Dryden's Theodore and Honoria. It is wisdom to consider the end of things before we embark, and to forecast consequences. L'Estrange.

He makes this difference to arise from the forecast nd predetermination of the gods. Addison.

The last, scarce ripened into perfect man, Saw helpless him from whom their life began: Memory and forecast just returns engage; That pointed back to youth, this on to age. Pope

FORECASTLE, n. s. Fore and castle. In a ship, is that part where the foremast stands, and is divided from the rest of the floor by a bulk-head: that part of the forecastle which is aloft, and not in the hold, is called the prow.

Harris.

The commodity of the new cook-room the merchants have found to be so great, as that, in all their ships, the cook-rooms are built in their forecastles, contrary to that which had been anciently used. Raleigh's Essays.

FORECASTLE, a short deck placed in the fore part of the ship, above the upper deck: it is usually terminated, in vessels of war, by a breast-work, both before and behind; the foremost part forming the top of the beak-head, and the hind-part reaching to the after-part of

the fore-chains.

FORECHO'SEN, part. Fore and chosen.'

Pre-elected.

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To foreclose a mortgage, is to cut off the power of redemption. FO'REDECK n. s. Fore and deck. The anterior part of the ship.

Chapman's Odyssey. Fore and design. To

I to the foredeck went, and thence did look
For rocky Scylla.
FOREDESIGN, v. a.
plan beforehand.

All the steps of the growth and vegetation, both of animals and plants, have been foreseen and foredesigned by the wise Author of nature. Cheyne.

FORE'DO, v. a. From for and do, not fore, says Dr. Johnson. Mr. Horne Tooke considers it as a corruption of forth-done, i. e. done, to go forth; or caused to go forth, i. e. out of doors; in modern language, turned out of doors.' But we have a Saxon compound Fondon, of the same signification; and we cannot but regard Dr. Johnson as nearer the truth: to fore or fordo, for it is found both ways, is to do for,' to. finish; a common colloquial expression: to ruin; to destroy; opposed to making happy; to overdo; to weary; to harass.

But al so colde towardes the

Thy ladies is-as frost in winter mone; And thou fordon-as snowe in fire is sone. Chaucer. Troilus and Creseide. Beseeching him, if either salves or oils, A foredone wight from door of death might raise, He would at her request prolong her nephew's days. Faerie Queene.

This is the night

That either makes me, or foredoes me quite. Shakspeare.

Id.

Whilst the heavy plowman snores, All with weary task foredone. OREDOOM, v. a. Sax. Foɲdeman. Fore and doom. To predestinate; to determine beforehand.

Through various hazards and events we move To Latium, and the realms foredoomed by Jove. Dryden's Eneid. The willing metal will obey thy hand, Following with ease: if favoured by thy fate, Thou art foredoomed to view the Stygian state. Dryden.

Fate foredoomed, and all things tend

By course of time to their appointed end. Id. Here Britain's statesmen oft the fall foredoom Of foreign tyrants, and of nymphs at home.

FORE-END, n. s. terior part.

Pope. Fore and end. The an

I have lived at honest freedom; paid More pious debts to heaven than in all The fore-end of my time.

Shakspeare. Cymbeline,

In the fore-end of it, which was towards him, grew a small green branch of palm.

Bacon.

FOREFATHER, n. s. Fore and father. Ancestor; one who in any degree of ascending genealogy precedes another.

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When a man sees the prodigious pains our forefothers have been at in these barbarous buildings, one would have left us, had they been instructed in the cannot but fancy what miracles of architecture they right way. Addison on Italy.

Blest Peer! his great forefather's every grace Reflecting, and reflected in his race. Pope.

Of

FOREFEND, v. a. It is doubtful whether from fore or for and defend. If from fore, it implies antecedent provision; as forearm: if from for, prohibitory security; as forbid. the two following examples one favors for, and the other fore.'-Johnson. To prohibit; to avert. I would not kill thy unprepared spirit; No, heavens forefend! I would not kill thy soul. Shakspeare.

Down with the nose,
Down with it flat: take the bridge quite away
Of him, that, his particular to forefend,
Smells from the general weal.

Id.

Perhaps a fever, which the gods forefend, May bring your youth to some untimely end. Dryden, FOREFI'NGER, n. s. Fore and finger. The finger next the thumb; the index.

An agate stone

On the forefinger of an alderman. Shakspeare. Polymnia shall be drawn, as it were, acting her speech with her forefinger. Peacham on Drawing. Some wear this on the middle-finger, as the ancient Gauls and Britons; and some upon the forefinger. Browne.

FO'REFOOT, n. s. Plural forefeet. Fore and foot. The anterior foot of a quadruped : in contempt, a hand.

He ran fiercely, and smote at Heliodorus with his forefeet. 2 Mac. iii. 25. Give me thy fist, thy forefoot to me give.

Shakspeare.

I continue my line from thence to the heel; then making the breast with the eminency thereof, bring out his near forefoot, which I finish.

Peacham on Drawing.

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FOREGO, v. a. I

Fore and go. To quit; FOREGO ER, n. s. to give up; to resign; to go before; to be past; to provide for; to secure: foregoer is used in the sense of ancestor; progenitor.

What shal my soroufull life done, in this caas, If I forgo that I so dere have bought?

Chaucer. Troilus and Creserde. Special reason oftentimes causeth the will to prefer one good thing before another; to leave one for another's sake, to forego meaner for the attainment of higher degrees. Hooker.

Is it her nature, or is it her will, To be so cruel to an humble foe?

If nature, then she may it mend with skill; If will, then she at will may will forego. Spenscr. Having all before absolutely in his power, it remaineth so still, he having already neither foregiven nor foregone any thing thereby unto them, but having received something from them.

Must I then leave you? Must I needs forego So good, so noble, and so true a master?

Let us not forego

Id.

Shakspeare.

That for a trifle which was bought with blood. Id.
Honours best thrive,

When rather from our acts we them derive
Than our foregoers.

Id.

By our remembrances of days foregone, Such were our faults: O! then we thought them not. Id.

It is to be understood of Cain, that many years foregone, and when his people were increased, he built the city of Enoch. Raleigh.

Milton.

How can I live without thee! how forego Thy sweet converse, and love so dearly joined, To live again in these wild woods forlorn! This argument might prevail with you to forego a little of your repose for the publick benefit. Dryden. I was seated in my elbow-chair, where I had indulged the foregoing speculations.

Addison.

FORE GROUND, n. s. Fore and ground. The part of the field, or expanse of a picture, which seems to lie before the figures.

All agree that white can subsist on the foreground of the picture: the question therefore is to know, if it can equally be placed upon that which is backward, the light being universal, and the figures supposed to be in an open field.

Dryden.

FORE HAND, n. s. & adj. Į From fore and FORE HANDED, n. s. hand. The part of a horse which is before the rider. The chief part. Not in use. Done sooner than is regular; early; timely; formed in the foreparts.

The great Achilles whom opinion crowns The sinew and the forehand of our host.

Shakspeare. You'll say she did embrace me as a husband, And so extenuate the forehand sin.

Id.

If by thus doing you have not secured your time by an early and forehanded care, yet be sure, by a timely diligence, to redeem the time. Taylor. He's a substantial true-bred beast, bravely forehanded: mark but the cleanness of his shapes too.

Dryden.

Hire forehed shone as bright as any day
So wos it washen when she lete her werk.

Chaucer. The Milleres Tale.

Her yvorie forhead, full of bounty brave,
Like a broad table did itselfe dispred
For Love his loftie triumphes to engrave,
And write the battailes of his great godhed:
All good and honour might therein be red;
For there their dwelling was.

Spenser's Faerie Queene.
The breast of Hecuba,

When she did suckle Hector, looked not lovelier
Than Hector's forehead when it spit forth blood
At Grecian swords contending.

Shakspeare. Coriolanus. The sea o'er fraught would swell, and the unsought diamonds

Would so imblaze the forehead of the deep,
And so bestud with stars, that they below
Would grow inured to light, and come at last
To gaze upon the Sun with shameless brows.
Milton's Comus.

Some angel copied, while I slept, each grace,
And moulded every feature from my face;
Such majesty does from her forehead rise,
Her cheeks such blushes cast, such rays her eyes.
Dryden.

A man of confidence presseth forward upon every appearance of advantage; where his force is too feeble, he prevails by dint of impudence: these men of forehead are magnificent in promises, and infallible in their prescriptions. Collier.

I would fain know to what branch of the legislatura they can have the forehead to apply. Swift.

Upon her forehead Love his trophies fits, A thousand spoils in silver arch displaying: And in the midst himself full proudly sits Himself in awful majesty arraying: Upon her brows lies his bent ebon bow And ready shafts: deadly those weapons show; Yet sweet the death appeared, lovely that deadly olow, Fletcher's Purple Island. FOREHO'LDING, n. s. Fore and hold. Pre dictions; ominous accounts; superstitious prog.

nostications.

How are superstitious men hagged out of their wits with the fancy of omens, foreholdings, and old wives' tales! L'Estrange.

FOREIGN, adj.) Fr. forain; Span. foraFOREIGNER, n. s. no; from Lat. foris; Gr. FOR EIGNNESS, n. s. Oupa, a gate or door; i. e. from without doors. Not domestic; not of this country; alien; remote; not allied. It is often used with to; but more properly with from. Excluded; not admitted; held at distance; extraneous. In law. A foreign plea, placitum forinsecum ; as being a plea out of the proper court of justice. A man that comes from another country; not a native; a stranger. Remoteness; want of relation to something.

They will not stick to say you envied him; And fearing he would rise, he was so virtuous, Kept him a foreign man still; which so grieved him,

That he ran mad and died.

Shakspeare. Henry VIII.
Your son, that with a fearful soul
Leads discontented steps in foreign soil,
This fair alliance quickly shall call home,
Shakspeare.

FORE'HEAD, n. s. Sax. Foɲheapod. Fore and head. That part of the face which reaches from the eyes upward to the hair. Impudence; confidence; assurance; audaciousness; audacity. The forehead is the part on which shame visibly And she shall be my queen,-Hail foreign wonder! operates.

I'll speak to het

Milton.

The learned correspondence you hold in foreign ble to be known before they happen: prescience; parts, knowledge of that which has not yet happened.

Id.

Joy is such a foreigner, So mere a stranger to my thoughts, I know Not how to entertain him. Denham's Sophy. To this false foreigner you give your throne, And wronged a friend, a kinsman, and a son. Dryden's Eneid. Let not the foreignness of the subject hinder you from endeavouring to set me right.

Locke.

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Fame is a good so wholly foreign to our natures, that we have no faculty in the soul adapted to it, nor any organ in the body to relish it, placed out of the possibility of fruition.

Id. Water is the only native of England made use of in punch; but the lemons, the brandy, the sugar, and the nutmegs, are all foreigners. Id.

The parties and divisions amongst us may several ways bring destruction upon our country, at the same time that our united force would secure us against all the attempts of a foreign enemy. Id. Freeholder. This design is not foreign from some people's thoughts. Nor could the majesty of the English crown appear in a greater lustre, either to foreigners or subjects.

Swift.

Id. The positions are so far from being new, that they are commonly to be met with in both ancient and modern, domestick and foreign, writers. Atterbury.

'Twas merely known, that on a secret mission A foreigner of rank had graced our shore, Young, handsome, and accomplished, who was said (In whispers) to have turned his sovereign's head. Byron.

FOREIGN, in the English law, is used in various significations. Thus :

FOREIGN ATTACHMENT, is an attachment of the goods of foreigners found within a city or liberty, for the satisfaction of some citizen to whom the foreigner is indebted; or it signifies an attachment of a foreigner's money in the hands of another person.

At the instance of an ambassador or consul, any offender against the laws here may be sent for hither from a foreign kingdom to which he hath fled. And, where a stranger of Holland, or any foreign country, buys goods in London, for instance, and there gives a note under his hand for payment, and then goes away privately into Holland in that case, the seller may have a certificate from the lord mayor, on the proof of the sale and delivery of such goods, whereupon a process will be executed on the party in Holland.

FOREIMAGINE, v. a. Fore and imagine. To conceive or fancy before proof. We are within compass of a foreimagined possibility in that behalf.

FOREJUDGE', v. a. judge beforehand; to be judge.

FOREKNOW, v. a.
FOREK NOW L'EDGE, n. s.
FOREKNOW ABLE, adj.

Camden's Remains.

Fore and judge. To prepossessed; to pre

Fore and know. To have prescience of; to foresee: possi

Wherefore for to departen softily,

Toke purpose

ful this wight, forknowing, wise; And to the Grekes host, ful prively, He stale anon.

Chaucer. Troilus and Creseide.

It is certainly foreknowable what they will do in such and such circumstances. More.

Our being in Christ by eternal foreknowledge, saveth us not without our actual and real adoption into the fellowship of his saints in this present world. Hooker.

I told him you was asleep: he seems to have a foreknowledge of that too, and therefore chuses to speak with you. Shakspeare.

We foreknow that the sun will rise and set, that all men born in the world shall die again; that after Winter the Spring shall come; after the Spring, Summer and Harvest; yet is not our foreknowledge the cause of any of those. Raleigh.

He foreknew John should not suffer a violent death, but go into his grave in peace. Browne.

If I foreknew,

Foreknowledge had no influence on their fault, Which had no less proved certain unforeknown.

Milton.

Who would the miseries of man foreknow? Not knowing, we but share our part of woe.

Dryden.

I hope the foreknowledge you had of my esteem for you, is the reason that you do not dislike my letters. Pope.

FORE'LAND, n. s. Fore and land. A promontory; headland; high land jutting into the sea; a cape.

As when a ship, by skilful steersman wrought, Nigh river's mouth, or foreland, where the wind Veers oft, as oft so steers, and shifts her sails.

Milton. FORELA'Y, v. a. Fore and lay. To lay wait for; to intrap by ambush; to contrive antecedently.

A serpent shoots his sting at unaware;
An ambushed thief forelays a traveller :
The man lies murdered, while the thief and snake,
One gains the thickets, and one thrids the brake.

Dryden. FORELIFT', v. a. Fore and lift. To raise aloft any interior part.

So dreadfully he towards him did pass, Forelifting up aloft his speckled breast;

And often bounding on the bruised grass, As for great joy of his new comen guest. Spenser. FORE'LOCK, n. s. Fore and lock. The hair that grows from the forepart of the head.

Tell her the joyous time will not be staid, Unless she do him by the forelock take. Spenser. Hyacinthine locks,

Round from his parted forelock manly hung, Clustering, but not beneath his shoulders broad. Milton.

Zeal and duty are not slow,

But on occasion's forelock watchful wait. Id. Time is painted with a lock before, and bald behind, signifying thereby that we must take time by the forelock; for, when it is once past, there is no recalling it. Swift. Fore and man. The first

FORE'MAN, n. s.

or chief person.

He is a very sensible man, shoots flying, and has been several times foreman of the petty jury. Addison.

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