ses mœurs étoit un témoignage irreprochable de son intégrité. Ces monumens ajoutent que le Duc de Bedford vit cet examen d'une chambre voisine, par le moyen d'une ouverture pratiquée dans le mur de separation."

Sword at Fez.

A. D. 1457. ALPHONSO V. of Portugal assails the Moors of Africa with a powerful army and navy. He aims at the possession of a fancied sword which he supposed to hang on the summit of a tower at Fez. ANDREWS.

Death of Agnes and Charles.

A. D. 1449. AGNES SOREL poisoned by the Dauphin (Louis XI.) who was known to hate her, and had once publicly given her a box on the ear. Jacques Coeur the king's mint-master bore the blame; he was forsaken by the rascally Charles whom he had assisted with his private fortune in his greatest need. He went to Cyprus. His friends raised him a large sum, and by commerce he became richer than ever.

A.D. 1461. CHARLES VII. died, destroyed by abstinence lest his son should poison

him.

Anglo-Norman Shipping.

"THE Anglo-Normans were very expert in the management of their shipping, and fought with great courage. Their chief aim was to grapple with the galleys of their enemies, and come to a close engagement, hand to hand, and board them if possible; though❘ they always began the fight at a distance, with their arrows from their cross-bows, assisted by the archers and slingers. Upon a nearer approach, the close heavy-armed soldier (men of arms) with their spears, axes, swords, and other offensive weapons, supported the engagement. They provided themselves with quick lime finely powdered, and at all times carefully strove to be to

| windward of their adversaries, and then threw plentifully of this lime into their faces."-STRutt.

They had trumpets, horns, and other martial music on board. In one of Strutt's prints a man is represented standing in a kind of battlement or box upon the mast' and hurling down darts and stones upon his enemies. It is one of the series of the life Rous. of Beauchamp, Earl Warwick, by John

From the notes of STEPHANUS STEPHANIUS to Saxo Grammat. Quoted from TURPIN. Image of Mahomed.

"TRADUNT Sarraceni, quod Idolum istud Mahumet, quem ipsi colunt, dum adhuc viveret, in nomine suo proprio fabricavit, et Dæmoniacam legionem quandam suâ arte magicâ in eâ sigillavit; quæ etiam tantâ fortitudine illud Idolum obtinet, quod a nullo unquam frangi potuit. Cum enim aliquis Christianus ad illud appropinquat, statim periclitatur; sed cum aliquis Sarracenus causa adorandi vel deprecandi Mahumet accedit, ille incolumis recedit. Si forte super illud avis quælibet se deposuerit, illico moritur. Est igitur in maris margine lapis antiquus, opere Sarracenico optimè sculptus, supra terram deorsum latus et quadratus, desursum strictus, altissimus scilicet, quantum solet volare in sublime corvus; super quem elevatur imago illa de auro optimo, in effigie hominis fusa, super pedes suos erecta, faciem suam tenens versus Meridiem, et manu dextrâ tenens quandam clavam ingentem; quæ scilicet clava, ut ipsi Sarraceni aiunt, a manu ejus cadet, quando Rex futurus in Galliâ natus fuerit, qui totam terram Hispanicam Christianis legibus, in novissimis temporibus, subjugabit."-Cap. 4.1

White Horse of Swantowith. "INGENS in æde (urbis Arkon) simulacrum omnem humani corporis habitum granditate transcendens, quatuor capitibus, totidemque cervicibus mirandum perstabat, e quibus duo pectus, totidemq; tergum respicere videbantur. Cæterum tam ante quam retro collocatorum unum dextrorsum, alte rum lævorsum contemplationem dirigere videbatur. Corrasæ barbæ, crines attonsi figurabantur, ut artificiis industriam Rugianorum ritum in cultu capitum æmulatam putares. In dextrâ cornu vario metalli genere excultum gestabat, quod sacerdos sacrorum ejus peritus, annuatim mero perfundere consueverat, ex ipso liquoris habitu sequentis anni copias prospecturus. Lævâ arcum reflexo in latus brachio figurabat. Tunica ad tibias prominens fingebatur, quæ ex diversa ligni materia creatæ, tam arcano nexu genibus jungebantur, ut compaginis locus non nisi curiosiori contemplatione deprehendi potuerit, pedes humo contigui cernebantur, eorum basi intra solum latente. Haud procul frenum ac sella simulacri, compluraq; divinitatis insignia visebantur. Quorum admirationem conspicuæ granditatis ensis augebat, cujus vaginam ac capulum præter excellentem cœlaturæ decorem, exterior argenti species commendabat. Hujus sacerdos, præter communem patriæ ritum, barbæ comæq; prolixitate spectandus, pridie quam rem divinam facere debuisset, sacellum (quod ei soli intrandi fas erat) adhibito scoparum usu, diligentissime purgare solebat, observato ne intra ædem halitum funderet, quo quoties capessendo vel emittendo opus habebat, toties ad januam procurrebat, ne videlicet dei presentia mortalis spiritus contagio pollueretur.- Alia quoque fana compluribus in locis hoc numen habebat, quæ per supparis dignitatis, ac minoris potentiæ flamines regebantur. Præterea peculiarem albi coloris equum titulo possidebat, cujus jubæ aut caudæ pilos convellere nefarium ducebatur, hunc soli sacerdoti pascendi, insidendiq; jus erat, ne divini animalis usus, quo frequentior, hoc

vilior, haberetur. In hoc equo, opinione Rugiæ, (Swantowith) Suantovitus, (id simulacro vocabulum erat) adversum sacrorum suorum hostes bella gerere credebatur. Cujus rei præcipuum argumentum extabat, quod is nocturno tempore stabulo insistens, adeo plerumque manè sudore ac luto respersus videbatur, tanquam ab exercitatione veniendo magnorum itinerum spatia percurrisset."-Saxo Grammaticus, lib. 14.

Grave of Balder.

"CUJUS (Balderi) corpus exercitus regio funere elatum, facto colle condendum curavit. Hunc quidam nostri temporis viri, quorum præcipuus Haraldus erat, vigente veteris sepulturæ famâ, spe reperiendæ pecuniæ noctu adorti, repentino cœptum horroreliquerunt, ex ipso namque perrupti montis cacumine subita torrentis vis, magno aquarum strepito prorumpere videbatur, cujus rapidior moles incitatissimo lapsu subjectis infusa campis quicquid offendebat involveret. Ad cujus impetum deturbati fossores, abjectis ligonibus, variam carpsere fugam, irruentis aquæ vorticibus implicandos se rati, si cœptum diutius exequi niterentur. Ita a diis loci illius præsidibus incussus subito metus, juvenum animos avaritiâ abstractos, ad salutis curam convertit, neglectoque cupiditatis proposito, vitæ studiosos esse docuit, hujus autem scaturiginis speciem adumbratam, non veram fuisse constat; nec ab imis terræ visceribus genitam, sed præstigiosâ quadam administratione productam, cum in arido liquidos manare fontes natura non sinat. Omnes hunc posteri collem, ad quos fractionis ejus fama transierat, intentatum liquêre."-Saxo Grammaticus, 1. 3.

Norwegian Brothers in the torrent-circled

Island.

"FRATRES, (duodecim) deficientibus a se sociis, intra insulam rapidissimo ambitam fluvio præaltam moliti vallum, terrestrem in plano munitionem extenderant; cujus re

ceptaculo freti, crebrâ vicinos irruptione lacesserant. Excedentes enim insulâ, continentem extructo ponte petere consueverant. Quem portæ munitionis annexum ita quodam funiculorum regimine moderari solebant, ut quasi volubili aliquo cardine circumvectus, modo trans flumen iter sterneret, modo occulto restium ductu supernè retractus januæ deserviret. Fuere autem juvenes hi acres animis, robusti juventâ, præstabiles habitu corporis, gigantæis clari triumphis, trophæis gentium celebres, spoliis locupletes, quorundam vero ex ipsis nomina (nam cætera vetustas abstulit) subnotavi. Gerbion, Gunbiørn, Armbiørn, Stenbiørn, Esbiørn, Thorbiørn et Biørn. Hic equum habuisse traditur præstantem corpore, præpetem velocitate, adeo, ut cæteris amnem trajicere nequeuntibus, hic solus obstrepentem indefessus vorticem superaret. Cujus aquæ lapsus tam in cito ac præcipiti volumine defertur, ut animalia nandi vigore defecta plerumque pessundare soleat. Ex summis enim montium cacuminibus manans, dum per clivorum prærupta saxis exceptus eliditur, in profunda vallium multiplicato aquarum strepitu cadit: verum continuo saxorum obstaculo repercussus, celeritatem impetus eâdem semper æquabilitate conservat. Itaque tota alvei tractu, undis uniformiter turbidadis,1 spumeus ubique candor exuberat. At ubi scopulorum angustiis evolutus laxius stagnanda effunditur, ex objectâ rupe insulam fingit. Præruptum hinc inde jugum eminet variis arborum generibus frequens, quarum objectus amnem eminus pervideri non sinat."

These Norwegian brothers were killed by the Dane Fridlevus, except Biørn.-Saxo Grammaticus, 1. 6.

Arnold of Brescia.

ARNOLD of Brescia, a famous heretic of the twelfth century, born at Brescia in Italy,

It is so in the original to which I have referred, p. 97, ut supra. Perhaps it should be turbidatis, which is used by Martianus Capella, elsewhere followed by Saxo.-J. W. W.

from whence he went to France, where he studied under the celebrated Peter Abelard. Upon his return to Italy, he put on the habit of a monk, and began to preach several new and uncommon doctrines, particularly that the pope and all the rest of the clergy ought not to enjoy any temporal estate. He maintained in his sermons, that those ecclesiastics who had any estates of their own, or held any lands, were entirely cut off from the least hopes of salvation; that the clergy ought to subsist upon the alms and voluntary contributions of Christians; and that all other revenues belonged to princes and states, in order to be disposed of amongst the laity as they thought proper. He maintained also several heresies with regard to baptism and the Lord's supper. Otto Frisingensis and St. Bernard have drawn his character in very strong colours. The former tells us that he had wit, address and eloquence; but that his eloquence consisted rather of a torrent of words, than in solid and just sentiments. The same author observes that he was extremely fond of peculiar and new opinions; that he assumed a religious habit on purpose to impose upon mankind more effectually, and under pretence of piety; and, as the Gospel expresses it, in sheep's cloathing carried the disposition of a wolf, tearing every one as he pleased with the utmost fury, without the least regard to any person, and having a particular enmity against the clergy, bishops, and monks. "Would to God (says St. Bernard) that his doctrine was as holy as his life is strict! would you know what sort of man this is? Arnold of Brescia is a man that neither eats nor drinks; who, like the devil, is hungry and thirsty after the blood of souls who goes to and fro upon the earth, and is always doing among strangers what he cannot do amongst his own countrymen; who ranges like a roaring lion, always seeking whom he may devour; an enemy to the cross of Christ; an author of discords and inventor of schisms, a disturber of the public peace: he is a man whose conversation has nothing but sweetness, and his doctrine nothing but poison in

it; a man who has the head of a dove, and the tail of a scorpion." He engaged a great number of persons in his party, who were distinguished by his name, and proved very formidable to the popes. His doctrines rendered him so obnoxious, that he was condemned in the year 1139, in a council of near a thousand prelates held in the church of St. John Lateran at Rome, under Pope Innocent II. Upon this, he left Italy and retired to Switzerland. After the death of that Pope he returned to Italy, and went to Rome, where he raised a sedition against Pope Eugenius III., and afterwards against Hadrian IV., who laid the people of Rome under an interdict, till they had banished Arnold and his followers. This had its desired effect. The Romans seized upon the houses which the Arnoldists had fortified, and obliged them to retire to Otricoli in Tuscany, where they were received with the utmost affection by the people, who considered Arnold as a prophet. However, he was seized some time after by Cardinal Gerard, and notwithstanding the efforts of the Viscounts of Campania, who had rescued him, he was carried to Rome, and condemned by Peter, the prefect of that city, to be hanged, and was accordingly executed in the year 1155. Thirty of his followers went from France to England about the year 1160, in order to propagate their doctrines there, but they were immediately seized and destroyed. From the Biographical Dictionary.-The marginal references are Du Pin, tom. 9, P. 105. Otto Frisingensis de Reb. gest. lib. 2, cap. 20. Ingenious thoughts of the fathers, collected by Bouhours in French, p. 195, English translation (this must be a curious work). Maimbourg, Hist. de la décadence de l'Emp. après Charlemagne, 1. 4, p. 418.-Owain Gwynez, died 1169.

Cowardice.

Frid.

their sight.”—Mem. of Peter Henry Bruce, by himself.

Old Scotch Cookery.

"NOR yet had they (the Scots) any pans or cauldrons to dress their meat in, for what beasts they found (as they always did good store in those northern parts), they would seeth them in their own skins, stretched out bellying on stakes, in the manner of cauldrons: and having thus sod their meat, they would take out a little plate of metal, which they used to truss somewhere in or under their saddles, and laying it on the fire, take forth some oatmeal (which they carried in little bags behind them for that purpose), and having kneaded and tempered it with water, spread that thereon; this being thus baked, they used for bread, to comfort and strengthen their stomachs a little when they eat flesh."-Joshua Barnes, Hist. of Edward III.

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Images for Poetry.

A CROW flew over my head in the sunshine, and I caught the gleam of his wings. Brown ivy leaf, with the light veins distinctly seen.

Leaves of the bramble still green, Jan. 25.

The adder's-tongue grew luxuriantly on the steep bank of a hill where a stream arose. Its leaves hung down to the water. This plant loves shade. Does it love watery si

tuations? What is its botanic name ? its medical properties?

The withered leaves are still on the oaks, Feb. 3rd.

The currant and gooseberry trees put out their leaves much earlier than other trees, April 11th.

The buds of the poplar assume a bright rich yellow hue in the sun, April 22nd. They

Ophioglossum. See JOHNSON's Gerarde's Herbal, p. 404. The adder's (or, as it should be called, the hart's) tongue fern, is quite a different plant.-J. W. W.

are brown-bright, and close to the fibres green, when closely inspected. Very green appearance of the poplar when the evening sun shines upon it, and a black cloud hangs behind.

The rain drops shining as the willow waves. The distant hills form a line of darker blue against the clear sky, May 25th, on the road from London to Southampton.

The trunk of the fir tree coloured more than any other by a rust-coloured kind of

moss.

The quick stream, after passing under the bridge, forms numberless little whirlpools in consequence of being broken by the arches.

I always observe fish stemming the current near a bridge.

The shadow made by the insects that sport on the water has a light edge round it.

Similies.

THE notes of the harp die away like the moanings of the distant wind.

The song of birds to the trees alive with

music in Flath-innis.

Perfumes to the Alhambra apartment. A torrent to that which burst from the grave of Balder.

When a palm branch grows old, it shrinks and becomes crooked and yellow, not ill representing the appearance of the new moon. Thus the Koran: "And for the moon have we appointed certain mansions, until she change and return to be like the old branch of a palm tree." Ch. y. s. 36.

The boundary of air inclosing Othatha in Irem, strong as the wall built by Dhu'lkarnein. Sale, 246. D'Herbelot, Art. Jagiouge; or Hanyson, 184; Purchas.

Club of Haldanus.

SYVALDUS quidam claro admodum loco natus, apud Sueonum concionem Frothonis ac conjugis ejus exitio flebiliter memorato, tantum Haldani odium penè omnibus generavit, ut plurimorum suffragiis novarum rerum licentiam assequeretur. Nec solo vocum favore contentus, adeo plebis animum ambitionis artibus occupavit, ut omnium fere manus ad regium insigne capiti suo imprimendum adduceret. Hic septem filios habebat tanto veneficiorum usu callentes, ut sæpe subitis furoris viribus instincti solerent ore torvùm infremere, scuta morsibus attrectare, torridas fauce prunas absumere, extructa quævis incendia penetrare; nec

A sword to that of Fez. II.; or that stolen from Amadis by the injurious damsel, or Balisarda.

Armour, to that of Hector won by Mandricardo.

Perpetual clouds of Peru, to those that hover on the hills of Flath-innis, each involving the source of a stream.

A horse to the white horse of Swantowith. Local beauty, to the isle where Arthur lives; or where Enoch, Elijah, and St. John, await the coming of Christ; or the fountain

where Brammon met Sanatree.

Dreariness,—to the place where Sepulveda and Leonor perished.

1 See SCOTT's Note on the Lady of the Lake, Canto IV. Appendix, note 1.-J. W. W.

medii genere quam aut vinculorum injuriis, aut cædis humanæ piaculo temperari. Tantam illis rabiem sive sævitia ingenii, sive furiarum ferocitas inspirabat. Quibus auditis Haldanus, ut erat circa piraticam occupatus, expedire militibus dixit, ut qui in exteros hactenus desævierint, nunc civium visceribus ferrum adigant, ereptiq; regni injuriam propulsent, qui dilatandi curam genere consueverunt. Quo imminente Syvaldus missis ad eum legatis jubet, si famam factis æquaret, et tantus re esset quantus opinione censeretur, se suamq; sobolem pugnâ solus excipiat, privatoq; periculo publicum redimat. Eo deinde respondente, legitimæ dimicationis formam duorum numerum excedere non debere; nil mirandum, inquit Syvaldus, hominem cœlibem proleq; vacuum oblatos detrectare congressus, cui