The verbs classified with keep' shorten the vowel and take t instead of d, but in some instances retain the d and the connective e. The following are examples of monosyllables changing y to i before d :— This transitive verb 'lay' must be kept distinct from the intransitive 'lie' (= to lie down), of which the three forms are— The verbs 'cry' and 'try' follow the general rule that y preceded by a consonant is changed to i before ed. 'Staid' serves as an adjective. In 'flee' and 'shoe' the final e is cast off, and the inflexion Pr. flee shoe = d. In the P. and the P.P. of 'hear' the connective vowel e is omitted. Pr. hear P. I heard P.P. I heard The verb bless' in one of its P.P. forms represents a class of verbs mostly pronounced as contracted and ending in t, and sometimes written as they are pronounced. Pr. bless P. blessed P.P. blessed (blest) Other P.P. of this class are sometimes written as follows:-' burnt,' 'crost,' 'dwelt,' 'learnt,' 'past,' 'smelt,' 'spelt,' 'spilt,' 'tost,' 'whipt.' Nothing is said here to defend this mode of spelling. The following list of deviations from the rule of the New Conjugation contains several verbs not included in the preceding classes. [See * 20.] Of the old verb 'wone' (= to dwell) the contracted P.P. 'wont' (= habit) serves as a noun; but the form wonted,' used as a P.P., is found in M.E. Alterations of P. and P.P. are old in the verbs bring' (brought); 'buy' (bought); 'catch' (caught); seek' (sought); 'teach' (taught); 'think' (thought). In First English guttural c and g preceding t, in the P. of the verbs bring,' 'seek,' 'think,' and 'work,' became h, and in the same verbs the stem-vowel was changed to o or ea. In Old English further alterations were made. The h in the P. was changed to gh or 5; the final c of the stem mostly became ch, and the stem-vowel was changed to ou or to au. Similar changes were made in Past forms of the verbs 'catch,'' fetch,' 'reach,' and 'stretch.' Hence are found-in Old, and partly in Modern, English-such variations in the Past as the following :— To form the First Future Tense of the Compound Conjugation, we add to the Helping Verbs of that Tense the Infinitive, without the sign 'to.' With the Helping Verbs of other Compound Tenses in the Indicative Mood, and for the Compound forms of the Infinitive Mood, we use the Perfect Participle. The appended table gives the forms and constructions required for translating into English the six Tenses in the Indicative Mood of a Latin Verb— Present, Past, Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Imperfect, Future Perfect. The constructions belonging to the Subjunctive Mood are noticed in § 23 and § 58. NEW CONJUGATION-(Active Voice). call One of the verbs 'bring,' 'command,' 'guard,' 'guide,' 'have,' 'make,' 'move,' 'praise,' may be used instead of 'call.' The PASSIVE VOICE of the Verb is used when the Subject is represented as receiving or enduring an action. Ex.: The tree was felled.' The Verb in the Passive Voice has no peculiar inflexion. The Perfect Participle is used with Helping Verbs to form all the Tenses of the Passive Voice. The appended tables give the forms and constructions required for translating into English the six Tenses of the Indicative Mood in the Passive Voice of a Latin Verb-Present, Past, Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Imperfect, Future Perfect. |