size... an accomplished courtier and a gallant soldier,' and adds that in the house he was understood to be the mouthpiece of the king's personal opinions (Memoirs, ut supra). Howard had wealth and a more than ordinary share of public honours and preferment. Besides his general's pay, his red ribbon and the colonelcy of the 1st or king's dragoon guards, to which he was transferred in 1779, he was a privy councillor, an honorary D.C.L. Oxon. (7 July 1773), and was governor of both Chelsea Hospital and of Jersey at one time. He was advanced to the rank of field-marshal in 1793. He died at his residence in Grosvenor Square, London, 16 July 1796. Howard married, first, Lady Lucy Wentworth, sister of the Earl of Sheffield, who died in 1771 leaving issue; secondly, Elizabeth, widow of the second Earl of Effingham. [Collins's Peerage, 1812 ed., vol. iv., under 'Effingham;' Cannon's Hist. Rec. 3rd Buffs; Cal. State Papers, Home Office, 1766-9, under Howard, George;' Ann. Reg. 1760-2; Gent. Mag. 1796, pt. ii. p. 621; Howard's Corresp. with the Duke of Newcastle is in Brit. Mus. Add. MSS. 32852 f. 373, 32935 f. 176, 32937 f. 457, 32938 ff. 255, 293, a letter to Lord Granby in 1760 is in 32911, f. 425, and one to Sir J. Yorke in 1762, 32940, f. 126. Memorials of a namesake, a certain Lieutenant-colonel George Howard, a veteran officer of the 3rd foot-guards, dated about 1740, are in the same collection.] H. M. C. HOWARD, GEORGE, sixth EARL OF CARLISLE (1773-1848), the eldest son of Frederick Howard, fifth earl of Carlisle [q.v.], was born in London on 17 Sept. 1773. He was styled Lord Morpeth from 1773 to 1825. He was educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford, where he matriculated on 19 Oct. 1790, and was created M.A. 30 June 1792, and D.C.L. 18 June 1799. At a by-election in January 1795 he was returned in the whig interest to the House of Commons for the family borough of Morpeth, for which he continued to sit until the dissolution in October 1806. At the opening of the new parliament in October 1796, Lord Morpeth moved the address in the House of Commons (Parl. Hist. xxxii. 1190-4), and in May 1797 he opposed Fox's motion for the repeal of the Treason and Sedition Acts (ib. xxxiii. 630-1). In February 1799 he spoke warmly in favour of the union with Ireland, a measure which he declared would, if effected, extinguish all religious feuds and party animosities and distinctions' (ib. xxxiv. 501-2). On the formation of the ministry of All the Talents Morpeth was sworn a member of the privy council (7 Feb. 1806), and appointed a commissioner for the affairs of India (11 Feb. 1806). In July 1806 he introduced the Indian budget into the house (Parl. Debates, vii. 1044-53), and at the general election in November was returned for the county of Cumberland, together with the tory candidate, John Lowther,while Sir Henry Fletcher, the old whig member, lost his seat. On the formation of the Duke of Portland's ministry, in March 1807, Morpeth resigned his post at the India board, and on 3 Feb. 1812 brought forward his motion on the state of Ireland, in a speech in which he advocated a sincere and cordial conciliation with the catholics.' The motion, after two nights' debate, was defeated by a majority of ninety-four (ib. xxi. 494–500, 669). In consequence of the allusion to the Roman catholic claims in the speaker's speech at the close of the previous session, Morpeth, in April 1814, brought forward a motion regulating the conduct of the speaker at the bar of the House of Lords, but was defeated by 274 to 106 (ib. xxvii. 465-75, 521-2). On 3 March 1817, while moving for a new writ for the borough of St. Mawes, he paid a high and eloquent tribute to the memory of his friend Francis Horner [q. v.] (ib. xxxv. 841-4). In December 1819 he supported the government on the third reading of the Seditious Meetings Prevention Bill (ib. xli. 1078–81). At the general election in March 1820 the whigs of Cumberland, being dissatisfied with the political conduct of their member, put up another candidate, and Morpeth retired from the poll at an early stage. In November 1824 he was appointed, through Canning's influence, lord-lieutenant of the East Riding of Yorkshire (London Gazettes, 1824, pt. ii. 1929), and on 4 Sept. 1825 succeeded his father as the sixth earl of Carlisle. He took his seat in the House of Lords for the first time on 21 March 1826 (Journals of the House of Lords, lviii. 128), and on 18 May 1827 was appointed chief commissioner of woods and forests, with a seat in Canning's cabinet. On 16 July 1827 he succeeded the Duke of Portland as lord privy seal, and continued to hold this post until the formation of the Duke of Wellington's administration in January 1828. When the whigs came into power in November 1830, Carlisle accepted a place in Lord Grey's cabinet without office, and upon Lord Ripon's resignation, in June 1834, was appointed to his old post of lord privy seal. On the dissolution of the ministry in the following month, Carlisle retired altogether from political life, owing to ill-health, and spent the remainder of his days principally in the country. He was invested with the order of the Garter on 17 March 1837, and in the following year was appointed a trustee of the British Museum. He resigned the lordlieutenancy of the East Riding in July 1847, and dying at Castle Howard, near Malton, on 7 Oct. 1848, aged 75, was buried in the mausoleum in the park. Carlisle married, on 21 March 1801, Lady Georgiana Dorothy Cavendish, eldest daughter and coheiress of William, fifth duke of Devonshire, by whom he had six sons and six daughters. His wife survived him several years, and died on 8 Aug. 1858, aged 75. He was succeeded in the peerage by his eldest son, George William Frederick Howard [q.v.] Carlisle was an accomplished scholar, and an amiable, high-minded man. Of an exceedingly retiring disposition, he took little part in the debates in either house. His last speech, which is recorded in Hansard,' was delivered on 5 Oct. 1831 (Parl. Debates, 3rd ser. vii. 1329), seventeen years before his death. daughter of William, fifth duke of Devonshire, was born in Hill Street, Berkeley Square, London, on 18 April 1802, and was educated at Eton. He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford, on 15 Oct. 1819, and in 1821 obtained the university prizes for Latin and English verse respectively. He took a first class in classics in the following year, and graduated B.A. 1823, M.A. 1827. On the death of his grandfather in September 1825 his father succeeded as the sixth earl, while he himself became known by the courtesy title of Lord Morpeth. In 1826 he accompanied his uncle William, sixth duke of Devonshire, on his mission to St. Petersburg to attend the coronation of Emperor Nicholas. While abroad he was returned at the general election in June 1826 for the borough of Morpeth in the whig interest. In a maiden speech on 5 March 1827 he seconded Sir Francis Burdett's resolution for the relief of the Roman catholic disabilities (Parl. Debates, new ser. xvi. 849-54), and in April 1830 he supported Robert Grant's motion for leave to bring in a bill for the repeal of Jewish disabilities (ib. xxiii. 1328-30). At the general election in August 1830 Morpeth was returned at the head of the poll for Yorkshire, and in March 1831 spoke in favour of the ministerial Reform Bill, which he described as 'a safe, wise, honest, and glorious measure' (ib. 3rd ser. ii. 1217-20). At the general election in May 1831 he was again returned for Yorkshire, and in the succeeding general election in December of the following year was elected one of the members for the West Riding, which constituency he continued to represent until the dissolution in June 1841. In February 1835 Morpeth proposed an amendment to the address, which was carried against the government by a majority of seven (ib. xxvi. 165-73, 410), and upon the formation of Lord Melbourne's second administration in April 1835 he was appointed chief secretary for Ireland. His re-election for the West Riding was unsuccessfully op posed by the Hon. J. S. Wortley (afterwards second Baron Wharncliffe) in the tory interest. On 20 May 1835 Morpeth was admitted to the English privy council, and in the following month introduced the Irish Tithe Bill in a speech which raised his reputation in the house (ib. xxviii. 1319-44). He held the difficult post of chief secretary for Ireland for more than six years during the lordlieutenancies of the Marquis of Normanby and HOWARD, GEORGE WILLIAM Earl Fortescue. During this time he carried FREDERICK, seventh EARL OF CARLISLE through the House of Commons the Irish (1802-1864), eldest son of George Howard, Tithe Bill, the Irish Municipal Reform Bill, sixth earl of Carlisle q. v., by his wife, and the Irish Poor Law Bill, and showed, Lady Georgiana Dorothy Cavendish, eldest, contrary to expectation, that he was perfectly He was the author of the following contributions to the Anti-Jacobin: 1. Sonnet to Liberty' (No. v.) 2. The translation of the Marquis of Wellesley's Latin verses contained in the preceding number (No. vii.) 3. 'Ode to Anarchy' (No. ix.) 4. A Consolatory Address to his Gunboats by Citizen Muskein' (No. xxvii.) 5. 'Ode to Director Merlin' (No. xxix.) 6. 'An Affectionate Effusion of Citizen Muskein to Havre de Grace' (No. xxxii.) There is a portrait of Carlisle by Sir Thomas Lawrence at Castle Howard. His portrait, painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds in 1786, was engraved in the following year by Thomas Trotter (Cat. of the Exhibition of Old Masters, 1878, No. 372). An engraving after a painting by J. Jackson, R.A., which includes his son Lord Morpeth, and is at Castle Howard, will be found in the second volume of Jerdan's National Portrait Gallery,' 1831. [Ferguson's Cumberland and Westmoreland M.P.'s, 1871. pp. 384-5; Wilson's Biographical Index to the present House of Commons, 1808, pp. 172-3; Diary and Correspondence of Lord Colchester; Gent. Mag. 1801 pt. i. p. 275, 1848 pt. ii. 537-8, 1858 pt. ii. 317; Annual Register, able to hold his own in the stormy debates of the day. He treated the Irish party with considerable tact, and did his best to carry out the policy initiated by Thomas Drummond (1797-1840) q. v.] Morpeth was admitted to the cabinet in February 1839, upon the retirement of Charles Grant, afterwards created Baron Glenelg. At the general election in July 1841 he was defeated in the West Riding, and in September resigned office with the rest of his colleagues. Shortly afterwards Morpeth spent a year in North America and Canada. During his absence he was nominated a candidate for the city of Dublin at a by-election in January 1842, but was defeated by his tory opponent. At a by-election in February 1846 he was returned unopposed for the West Riding, and upon the downfall of Sir Robert Peel's second administration in June 1846 was appointed chief commissioner of woods and forests (7 July) with a seat in Lord John Russell's first cabinet. He was sworn in as lord-lieu-, tenant of the East Riding on 22 July 1847, and at the general election in the following month was once more returned for the West Riding, this time with Richard Cobden as a colleague. In February 1848 Morpeth reintroduced his bill for promoting the public health (ib. 3rd ser. xcvi. 385-403), which became law at the close of the session (11 & 12 Vict. c. 63). On the death of his father in October 1848 Morpeth succeeded as the seventh earl of Carlisle, and took his seat in the House of Lords on 1 Feb. 1849 (Journals of the House of Lords, lxxxi. 4). On the appointment of Lord Campbell as lord chief justice of England, Carlisle became chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster (6 March 1850). On the accession of Lord Derby to power in February 1852 Carlisle resigned office. He was installed rector of the university of Aberdeen on 31 March 1853, and in the following summer began a twelvemonth's continental trip. On 7 Feb. 1855 Carlisle was invested with the order of the Garter, and in the same month was appointed by Lord Palmerston lord-lieutenant of Ireland. He retained this office until February 1858, and resumed it on Palmerston's return to office in June 1859. Ill-health compelled his final retirement in October 1864. He died at Castle Howard on 5 Dec. 1864, aged 62, and was buried in the family mausoleum. He never married, and was succeeded by his brother, the Hon. and Rev. William George Howard, rector of Londesborough, Yorkshire. Carlisle was able and kind-hearted, with cultivated tastes and great fluency of speech. Without commanding abilities or great strength of will, his gentleness endeared him to all those with whom he came into contact. As lord-lieutenant he devoted his efforts to improve the agriculture and manufactures of Ireland, and was successful and popular there. At Castle Howard there is a head of the earl in chalk, which has been engraved by F. Holl, also a large miniature by Carrick, and a small full-length water-colour portrait painted when Howard was in Greece. A portrait by John Partridge is in the possession of Lady Taunton. A bronze statue of Carlisle by J. H. Foley was erected by public subscription in Phoenix Park, Dublin, in 1870, and in the same year another statue by the same artist was erected on Brampton Moat, Carlisle. There is a bust of Carlisle by Foley in the town hall at Morpeth; another, when Lord Morpeth, at Castle Howard; and a third, also by Foley, at Castle Howard, executed when Howard was lord lieutenant. A memorial column was erected upon Bulmer Hill, at the edge of the Carlisle estate. 6 Carlisle presided at the Shakespeare tercentenary at Stratford-on-Avon in April 1864. He took a great interest in mechanics' institutes, and established a reformatory upon his own estate at Castle Howard. He was the author of the following works: 1. 'Eleusis; poema Cancellarii præmio donatum, et in Theatro Sheldoniano recitatum die Jul. ivo A.D. 1821' [Oxford, 1821], 8vo. 2. Pæstum: a Prize Poem recited in the Theatre, Oxford, in the year 1821' [Oxford, 1821], 8vo. 3. 'The Last of the Greeks; or the Fall of Constantinople, a Tragedy' [in five acts, and in verse, London, 1828, 8vo. 4. Sanitary Reform. Speech . . in the House of Commons. 30 March 1847, on moving for leave to bring in a Bill for Improving the Health of Towns in England,' London, 1847, 8vo. 5. Public Health Bill. Speech. . in the House of Commons . . 10 Feb. 1848, on moving for leave to bring in a Bill for Promoting the Public Health,' London, 1848, 8vo. 6. Two Lectures on the Poetry of Pope, and on his own Travels in America . . delivered to the Leeds Mechanics' Institution and Literary Society, December 5th and 6th, 1850,' London, 1851, 8vo; the lecture on Pope was reviewed by De Quincey. 7. 'Diary in Turkish and Greek Waters,' London, 1854, 8vo, edited by C. C. Felton, Boston [U.S.], 1855, 8vo. 8. The Second Vision of Daniel. A Paraphrase in Verse,' London, 1858, 4to. Carlisle was a frequent contributor in prose and verse to the annuals of the day, and delivered a number of addresses and lectures. His Lectures and Addresses in Aid of Popular Education,' &c., form the twenty-fifth volume of the Travellers Library' (London, 1856, 8vo), while his 'Vice-regal Speeches and Addresses, Lectures, and Poems' were collected and edited by J. J. Gaskin (Dublin, 1866, 8vo, with portrait). A collection of his poems, selected by his sisters,' was published in 1869 (London, 8vo). Carlisle wrote a preface to an English edition of Mrs. Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin' (London, 1853, 8vo). [Lonsdale's Worthies of Cumberland-the Howards, 1872, with portrait, pp. 125-88; Martineau's Biographical Sketches, 1869, pp. 131-42; Walpole's History of England, vols. iii. iv.; Gent. Mag. 1865, new ser. xviii. 99-101; Ann. Reg. 1864, pt. ii. pp. 183-4; Times, 6 and 14 Dec. 1864; Illustrated London News, 17 Dec. 1864; Stapylton's Eton School Lists, 1864, pp. 81, 89; Alumni Oxon. 1888, ii. 699; Historical Register of the University of Oxford, 1888, pp. 138, 147, 326; Doyle's Official Baronage, 1886, i. 334-5; Foster's Peerage, 1883, p. 125; Official Return of Lists of Members of Parliament, pt. ii. pp. 305, 322, 335, 346, 358, 372, 390, 406; Brit. Mus. Cat.] G. F. R. B. HOWARD, GORGES EDMOND (17151786), miscellaneous writer, son of Francis Howard, captain of dragoons, by his wife, Elizabeth Jackson, was born at Coleraine on 28 Aug. 1715. He was educated at Thomas Sheridan's school at Dublin. After brief service as apprentice in the exchequer at Dublin, Howard enlisted in an infantry regiment, but at the end of a year returned to the exchequer, became a solicitor, and acquired a minute knowledge of legal procedure, as well as of the complicated systems of the exchequer, revenue, and forfeiture departments. He secured a lucrative business as a solicitor and land agent, and published professional works by which he lost money, although they were highly commended by competent critics. His laborious efforts at the same time to achieve reputation as a poet, dramatist, and literary moralist failed signally. The pertinacity with which he wrote and printed contemptible tragedies, none of which were acted, and occasional verse, led to the publication of facetious satires, written mainly by Robert Jephson q. v.] in 1771. They appeared in the form of a mock correspondence in verse between Howard and his friend George Faulkner, the printer [q. v.] The text was copiously supplemented with foot-notes, in which the confused and jumbled styles of Howard and Faulkner were successfully imitated. The satires passed through many editions at Dublin, and were believed to have been partially inspired by the viceroy, Lord Townshend, who was personally acquainted with Howard and Faulkner. Howard's dramatic compositions formed the subject of an ironical letter addressed by Edmund Burke to Garrick in 1772. As a law official Howard rendered valuable services to government, which were scantily rewarded. He was active in promoting structural improvements in Dublin, having some skill as an architect, and the freedom of the city was conferred on him in 1766. He was among the earliest of the protestant advocates for the partial relaxation of the penal laws against Roman catholics in Ireland, and members of that church presented him with a handsome testimonial. He died in affluen circumstances at Dublin in June 1786. His published literary works, apart from contributions to periodical literature, were: 1. A Collection of Apothegms and Maxims for the Good Conduct of Life, selected from the most Eminent Authors, with some newly formed and digested under proper heads,' Dublin, 1767,8vo, dedicated to the king and queen. 2. Almeyda, or the Rival Kings,' Dublin, 1769, 8vo; a tragedy adapted from Hawkesworth's 'Almoran and Hamet.' 3. 'The Siege of Tamor,' Dublin, 1773, 8vo and 12mo, a tragedy. 4. The Female Gamester,' Dublin, 1778, 12mo. 5. Miscellaneous Works in Verse and Prose,' with a portrait, Dublin, 1782, 8vo, 3 vols. Howard's professional works are: 1. 'Treatise of the Rules and Practice of the Pleas Side of the Exchequer in Ireland,' 2 vols. 8vo, Dublin, 1759. 2. A Treatise on the Rules and Practice of the Equity Side of the Exchequer in Ireland, with the several Statutes relative thereto, as also several Adjudged Cases on the Practice in Courts of Equity both in England and Ireland, with the Reasons and Origin thereof, in many instances as they arose from the Civil Law of the Romans, or the Canon and Feudal Laws.' Inscribed to the chancellor, treasurer, lord chief baron, and barons of the court of exchequer, 2 vols. 8vo, Dublin. 1760. 3. The Rules and Practice of the High Court of Chancery in Ireland,' 8vo, Dublin, 1772. 4. A Supplement to the Rules and Practice of the High Court of Chancery in Ireland lately published. Inscribed to James, Lord Baron Lifford, Lord Chancellor of Ireland,' 8vo, Dublin, 1774. 5. Special Cases on the Laws against the further growth of Popery in Ireland,' 8vo, Dublin, 1775. 6. An Abstract and Common Place of all the Irish, British, and English Statutes relative to the Revenue of Ireland, and the Trade connected therewith. phabetically digested under their respective proper titles. With several Special Precedents of information, &c., upon the said Statutes and other matters, never before published. Inscribed to the Earl of Buckingham Al shire, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland,' 2 vols. 4to, Dublin, 1779. [Hibernian Mag., Dublin, 1786; Baker's Biographia Dramatica; Garrick's Private Correspondence, 1831; Hist. of the City of Dublin, vol. ii. 1859: The Batchelor, 1772.] J. T. G. HOWARD, HENRIETTA, COUNTESS OF SUFFOLK (1681-1767), mistress to George II, born in 1681, was eldest daughter of Sir Henry Hobart, of Blickling, Norfolk, bart., by Elizabeth, eldest daughter of Joseph Maynard, son of Sir John Maynard, commissioner of the great seal in the reign of William III. She was married, Lord Hervey tells us, 'very young' to Charles Howard, third son of Henry, fifth earl of Suffolk, whom Hervey describes as 'wrong-headed, ill-tempered, obstinate, drunken, extravagant, brutal.' The date of the marriage remains undetermined. Being poor for their station the pair went to live in Hanover towards the close of Queen Anne's reign, with the view of ingratiating themselves with the future sovereigns of England. Even there, however, they were sometimes in great straits for money, Mrs. | Howard on one occasion selling her hair to pay for a dinner for the ministry. On the accession of the elector to the English throne as George I, Howard was appointed his groom of the bedchamber, and his wife bedchamberwoman to the Princess of Wales (BOYER, Polit. State of Great Britain, viii. 347, 475). The rooms which in this capacity she occupied in St. James's Palace and, after the expulsion, of the prince, at Leicester House were the favourite place of réunion for the prince and princess and their little court. Pope and Gay were frequently to be found there, and Swift when he was in England. The Prince of Wales soon made advances to Mrs. Howard, and was graciously received, and Howard's efforts to remove his wife from the prince's household proved ineffectual. In 1724 Mrs. Howard built herself a villa at Marble Hill, Twickenham, where she was a near neigh bour of Pope. The house was designed by Lords Burlington and Pembroke, the gardens were laid out by Pope and Lord Bathurst. The Prince of Wales contributed 12,0007. towards the cost. Pope, Swift, and Arbuthnot took it in turns to act as her major-domo. On his accession to the throne George II quieted Howard with an annuity of 1,2007., and installed his wife in St. James's Palace as his lady favourite. She was formally separated from her husband, who made a settlement upon her. In Lord Peterborough Mrs. Howard had an admirer of a very different stamp from George II. It is not clear when their intimacy commenced, how long it lasted, or whether it was ever carried beyond the bounds of flirtation. It seems, however, from the correspondence which passed between them, and which includes forty letters from Peterborough, written in the most romantic strain, to have been of some duration. All the letters are undated, but they are probably to be referred to the reign of George I. For some time after the accession of George II Mrs. Howard was much courted by those who thought the king would be governed by her. This, however, ceased when it became apparent that the queen's influence was to prevail. Her society continued nevertheless to be cultivated by the wits and the opposition. About 1729 she began to decline in favour with the king, but poverty compelled her to keep her post. On the death of Edward, eighth earl of Suffolk, without issue, 22 June 1731, Howard succeeded to the earldom, and Lady Suffolk was thereupon advanced to the post of groom of the stole to the queen, with a salary of 8007. a year (BOYER, Polit. State of Great Britain, xli. 652). Her circumstances were further improved by the death of her husband (28 Sept. 1733), and in the following year she retired from court. In 1735 she married the Hon. George Berkeley, youngest son of the second earl of Berkeley, with whom she lived happily until his death, 16 Jan. 1747. She began to grow deaf in middle life, and in her later years almost lost her hearing. Nevertheless Horace Walpole loved much to gossip with her in the autumn evenings. She died on 26 July 1767 in comparative poverty, leaving, besides Marble Hill, property to the value of not more than 20,000l. By her first husband she had issue an only son, who succeeded to the earldom, and died without issue in 1745. She had no children by her second husband. Horace Walpole describes her as of a just height, well made, extremely fair, with the finest light brown hair,' adding that her mental qualifications were by no means shining' (Reminiscences, cxxvii.) Elsewhere he says that she was 'sensible, artful, agreeable, but had neither sense nor art enough to make him [George II] think her so agreeable as his wife' (Memoirs, ed. Lord Holland, 1847, i. 177; cf. CHESTERFIELD, Letters, ed. Mahon, ii. 440). Pope wrote in her honour the wellknown verses On a certain Lady at Court,' and Peterborough the song 'I said to my heart between sleeping and waking.' Both praise her reasonableness and her wit. Swift, in his somewhat ill-natured 'Character' of her, also recognises her wit and beauty, represents her as a latitudinarian in religion, a consummate courtier, and by so much the worse friend, and upon the whole an excellent |