cally the one written by Osmond at Salisbury, or Old Sarum, as it was then called.

The sovereign sends the dean and chapter the name of the new bishop with permission to elect.

"Where to elect there is but one,

'Tis Hobson's choice, take that or none.'

Bishop and êvéque mean the same thing, and are derived from the same word, yet neither word has a single letter belonging to the other. The changes the words have undergone in English are episcopus, episcop, piscop, biscop, bishop; in French, episcopus, êpisc, êpésc, êvése, êvésque, êvéque.

The crozier always carried before an archbishop terminates in a cross; the archbishop himself carries a shepherd's crook, like the other bishops.

It was a little like "painting the lily, or throwing perfume on the violet, or adding another hue to the rainbow," when persons ignorant of Latin addressed a bishop as " My Lord Dominus Don." The proper title for a dean is "very reverend," for a bishop "right reverend," and for an archbishop "most reverend." The Pope is infallible when he speaks

ex-cathedra (from the throne), but not in ordinary conversation.

The Old Foundations are those cathedrals left undisturbed by King Henry VIII. at the Reformation because they were not ruled by monks. The New Foundations are those cathedrals from which the monks were driven and replaced by a dean and chapter; also those which Henry raised from parish churches to cathedrals; and those created recently and called Victorian New Foundations.

The Old Foundations are York, Lincoln, London, Chichester, Salisbury, Exeter, Wells, Hereford, Lichfield, nine cathedrals which were never monasteries. The Henry VIII. New Foundations are Carlisle, Durham, Peterborough, Ely, Norwich, Rochester, Canterbury, Winchester, Bristol, Oxford, Gloucester, Worcester, Chester, thirteen cathedrals which had been monasteries. The Victorian New Foundations are Ripon, Truro, St. Alban's, Manchester, Liverpool, Newcastle, Wakefield, Southwell,-eight Victorian New Foundations, thirty bishoprics in all. Bath and Wells have but one bishop between them. There are four cathedrals in Wales, all of the Old Foundation, viz., St. David's, St. Asaph, Bangor, and Landaff, one situated in each cor

ner of the country. When a new bishopric is required, the present plan is to take some ancient parish church and convert it into a cathedral. The only new edifice is the one at Truro. Henry VIII. suppressed one hundred and ninety abbeys and dispossessed fifty thousand monks. Hence the old rhyme of the Spanish king's speech to Queen Elizabeth:

"Of the treasure taken by Drake
Restitution you must make,
And those abbeys build anew,
Which your father overthrew."

The queen's reply:

"Worthy king know this; your will
At latter Lammas we'll fulfil."

Lammas is August 1st; there is no latter Lammas.

The income of the Archbishop of Canterbury is now £15,000 a year; York, £10,000; London, £10,000; Durham, £8,000; Winchester, £7,000; Ely, £5,500; Worcester, £5,000; all others, £5,000 to £4,000.

Precedence is given to bishops according to these estimates.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bell's Cathedral Series.

Handbook of the Cathedrals of England, J. R. King.

Our National Cathedrals, Ward, Lock & Co., London. Traditions and Customs of Cathedrals, M. E. C. Walcott. Worthies of England, Thomas Fuller.

Church History of Britain, Thomas Fuller.

Old and New London, Walter Thornbury.

Cathedrals of England, Canon Farrar and others.

The Cathedrals of Great Britain, P. H. Ditchfield.
Cathedral Builders, Leader Scott.

English Cathedrals, Mrs. Van Rensselaer.

Brewer's Handbooks.

Various Histories of England.