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grown in fields for the food of cattle. sow carrots in a garden the ground should be deeply dug, in order that the root may run down easily. The parsnip is also a native of Britain, and is hardier than the carrot.

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The culture of this vegetable, under the name of kale, was well known to our Saxon ancestors. That sort which is cultivated in English gardens, and now peculiarly called cabbage, was brought from Holland, and is said to have been first introduced by Sir Anthony Ashley, of Wimborne, in Dorsetshire. The leaves of this plant gather close over each other in a firm head or ball. Cauliflowers and Brocoli are both varieties of the same plant, and came originally from Italy, early in the seventeenth century. The outer leaves of cabbages are given to pigs; but they should first be torn or cut up and boiled, as the animals thrive much better on such food, than on the raw leaves.

101.-TEA.

Tea is the produce of a plant which grows in China, Japan, and some parts of India. The leaves of it are gathered when they are young. They are then dried in the sun or by a charcoal fire, and are rubbed between the hands so as to roll them up. When quite dry they are packed in chests and sent

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n in fields for the food of cattle. When we arrots in a garden the ground should be deeply n order that the root may run down easily, rsnip is also a native of Britain, and is haran the carrot.

100. THE CABBAGE.

-ulture of this vegetable, under the name of as well known to our Saxon ancestors. t which is cultivated in English gardens, peculiarly called cabbage, was brought land, and is said to have been first introSir Anthony Ashley, of Wimborne, in

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The leaves of this plant gather close other in a firm head or ball. Cauli! Brocoli are both varieties of the same came originally from Italy, early in the century. The outer leaves of cabbages pigs; but they should first be torn or boiled, as the animals thrive much h food, than on the raw leaves.

101.-TEA.

produce of a plant which grows in and some parts of India. The leaves ed when they are young. They are e sun or by a charcoal fire, and are the hands so as to roll them up. they are packed in chests and sent

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by sea to England and other countries. There are two kinds of tea most commonly used; black tea and green tea. The former of these is the most wholesome. In green tea the leaves are gathered without the stalks; but they are always kept in black tea. Green tea also is that which has been

less heated in drying than black.

102.-SUGAR.

Sugar is the produce of the sugar-cane, a plant which is a native of the East Indies, but is now cultivated in the West Indies and in the Brazils. The stem of the sugar-cane grows to the height of ten or twelve feet. It has no branches. In the month of March, when the canes are fully ripe, they are cut down, tied up in bundles, and sent to a mill, where they are crushed between large rollers. The juice which is thus pressed out is put into large casks, and becomes brown sugar. This is made into white sugar by boiling it and straining it through thick folds of cloth.

103-COFFEE.

The coffee plant is a native of Arabia, but is now largely cultivated in the East and West Indies. It grows to the height of sixteen or twenty feet. The flowers are of a brilliant white, and are succeeded by small berries, which when ripe contain each two seeds. The berries are gathered and dried in the

sun, and the seeds, having been freed from the husks, are roasted over a slow fire. They They are then ground, and give, when boiled in water, a healthy and refreshing beverage. Care should be taken to let coffee boil only a short time when it is being made, for if long on the fire it loses much of its

taste.

104.-SALT.

This valuable substance is found in the greatest abundance in nature. The waters of the sea contain much of it. In many countries salt springs exist. In others large beds or layers of it, called rock salt, are opened. The largest salt bed in England is at Northwich, in the county of Chester. 500,000 tons of salt are annually consumed in this country alone. It forms the best seasoning for all our food. In some soils it forms a very useful manure. All cattle are very fond of it. A lump of rock salt is often put into the manger where horses or cows feed.

105.-SOAP.

Soap is composed of different kinds of fat or oil, and soda, which is obtained from sea-salt. The soda having first been boiled with lime, forms what soap-boilers call lye or ley. This substance is poured with large quantities of fat, oil, or tallow, into iron pans, in which it is boiled again; and from this

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