CRITICAL ANNOTATIONS, ADDITIONAL AND SUPPLEMENTARY, ON THE NEW TESTAMENT: BEING A Supplemental Volume ΤΟ THIE NINTH EDITION OF THE "GREEK TESTAMENT, WITH ENGLISH NOTES," IN 2 VOLS. 8vo. BY THE REV. S. T. BLOOMFIELD, D.D. OF CAMBRIDGE AND OXFORD, VICAR OF BISBROOKE, RUTLAND ; CANON OF PETERBOROUGH. Οὐδὲν ἁπλῶς (leviter) ἐν ταῖς θείαις γραφαῖς κεῖται· Πνεύματι γὰρ εἰρημέναι εἰσὶν LONDON: LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMAN, AND ROBERTS. 1860. 1015. e 7 PREFACE. THE object of the work which the Author now lays before the Public, will best be understood by reference to the purpose, which he strenuously applied himself to accomplish, in the two volumes which formed the ninth edition of his Greek Testament. Bulky as were those volumes, he found it quite impossible to effect fully what was called for by the circumstances of the case, in order to carry out the widely extensive plan which he had laid down in his mind, and which rendered it almost necessary that nearly the same amount of space should be allotted to the Critical as to the Philological and Exegetical departments of the work. It indeed had been aforetime the Editor's desire that those two departments should have been kept distinct and separate, though carried forward in the same page; but that was quite forbidden by the restricted limits of his work: and even had it been otherwise, it is questionable whether that plan would have been found in practice as beneficial to his readers, as it had seemed in theory desirable. In fact, the experiment, as to that practicability, recently made by Dr. Alford, on a scale more than double that of the Author's Greek Test., can hardly be said to have proved successful, as even that indefatigably diligent Editor seems himself to have become fully aware. The only way to remedy effectually this untoward disadvantage, was to construct a separate work consisting of a volume of moderate extent, though comprehending the utmost measure of multum in parvo, and of which the matter, used as an appendage to the Critical Notes contained in the ninth edition of his Greek Test., might effect, at any rate, far more, at least as to distinctness, than could ever have been accomplished by the matter contained therein having formed part of the body of annotation itself; and consequently could not fail to contribute, in a far greater degree, to the convenience of the reader. In fact, whoever shall carefully examine the contents of the present work, will not fail to find that it goes far to carry out the original idea of the Author, containing, as it does, nearly the advantages contemplated in the originally proposed separate critical edition, and being alike calculated to form what should present the fruits of a nova recensio of the text, propounded in such critical annotations as should be essential to the justifying of the course taken in laying down that text. This plan, the Author flatters himself, has been, in the present work, competently carried into effect, and on so ample a scale, that, taken in conjunction with the series of critical notes which are contained in the 9th edition of his Greek Testament, it may go far to accomplish all that is really necessary; nay, may, he trusts, contribute materially to the settling of much in the criticism of the New Testament that has hitherto been left undecided. Besides the important results of widely extended collation, employed by the Author on the 23 Lamb. MSS., and such of the Brit. Mus. copies as were uncollated or ill collated,-forming together little short of seventy MSS.', the present work has had the additional advantage of a large mass of matter communicated to it by the incorporation of highly valuable materials, derived from the two volumes of Mr. Scrivener's Collations of seventy MSS. Thus widely extensive was the body of materials whịch had been by great labour collected and arranged; but correspondently large was the intellectual toil demanded to work up such materials into an opus, and then to carry out purpose into performance by the construction of a regular series of Critical Notes on all passages requiring them, partly supplementary to those in the edition itself, but chiefly additional, by the forming of entirely new notes, or the re-writing, on a larger scale, of old ones, embodying the new materials. So vast, however, was the labour demanded for this purpose, that four years of assiduous and unremitting application were found requisite to fully accomplish it. Having, however, been enabled at length to complete his arduous task, the Author feels warranted in announcing the present work as the result of a thorough re-examination, for the last time by himself, of the whole text of the Greek Testament, to pave the way to its final settlement, and, of course, as involving a critical examination of the readings introduced into the text by 1 Of these copies about 30 are of the Gospels, some of them of considerable antiquity; others, at any rate, of ancient text, and the far greater part of them uncollated, or very ill collated. The numbers are as follows: 1810, 4949, 5107, 5111 & 12, 5540, 5559, 5567, 5647, 5731, 5776 & 77, 7141, 11300, 11836, 37, 38, 39, 40, 14744, 15581, 16183 & 84, 16943, 17467, 17740, 17982, 18211, 19387, 19389. Those on the Acts of the Apostles amounted to about ten, No. 5115, 5588, 16184, 11837, 17469, also Cov. MSS. 2, 3, 4, 5; those on the Pauline and Catholic Epistles amounted to about nine, 5115 & 16, 5540, 5742, 11836 & 37, 19389, also Cov. 2, 3, 4, 5. Lastly, those on the Apocal. amounted to four. To the above must be added 13 Evangelistaria and Lectionaria, No. 536, 5153, 5598, 5650, 84, 5785 & 7, 11841, 18212, 19460, 19993, some of them very ancient, all of them valuable, and most of them collated by me in various portions of the N. T., esp. in St. John's Gospel. They all deserve a full and complete collation, and, it is to be hoped, will receive it at the hands of that most exact of collators, Mr. Scrivener. Much is it to be regretted, that such important documents as Evangelistaria and Lectionaria should have been so neglected. Why they should be thought of less critical value than other MSS. of the same age, is inconceivable; nor does it much matter whether the copies be in uncial characters or cursive. After carefully collating, and partly re-collating, the ten Codices of this kind in the Lamb. Library (of which colln. the present work has the benefit), I am enabled to attest, that the Evangelistaria, No. 1187, 1188, 1189, 1190, 1192, 1193, and the Lection. 1194 & 1196, are not inferior to the uncial copies at the Brit. Mus. In antiquity the Evang. 1193, though not an uncial, transcends even, as Sir F. Madden agrees with me, the Mus. 5598, and in partially collating the Mus. documents of that kind, I could not find any inferiority in the cursives to the uncials. Nay, the Lam. MS. 1188, though only of the 13th century, is superior to any other at Lamb., and equal in importance to any at the Br. Mus. Besides its other merits, it is the fullest and most complete Evangelistarium I have ever seen; and, in point of correctness, is almost immaculate. Griesb., Scholz, Lach., Tisch., and Alf.,-in which investigation the external testimony of MSS., for and against,—presented on a scale far greater than any previous editor could furnish,-has, he trusts, been faithfully stated, and the internal evidence,-quite indispensable to turn the wavering scale, -has been, he trusts, weighed in a just balance. It may be proper for the Author, in limine, to apprise his readers, that although the matter, of which the present work consists, is professedly and characteristically Critical as regards the settling of the reading of the text, in opposition to Exegetical as regards the adjustment of the Interpretation, or even Philological, as forming a handmaid to exegesis,-yet the Philological is occasionally introduced, whenever necessary to such a full carrying out of critical examination as should tend to a satisfactory determination of the questions at issue. To turn from matter and mode to measure, or extent, his readers will find, that although the notes in general are, as being supplementary to the Critical Notes in the ninth edition, of moderate length, yet some few may seem carried beyond necessary limits; not, however, the Author trusts, beyond such bounds as were necessarily called for by the circumstances of the case, as respects the attempted settling of long debated questions, which demanded a very wide scope of research, and an extensive range of investigation. See the passages of Chrys. and Hippol., cited in the Title-page, and mark the expressions μετ ̓ ἀκριβείας ἐξετάζωμεν and ἴδωμεν καὶ ἐπιγνῶμεν. 2 The reason for this will appear from the following able and instructive observations of Dr. Reiche, Theologiæ Professor Primarius at the University of Gottingen, at vol. i., p. 3, in the Preface to his recent Commentarius Criticus in Nov. Test., p. 3: "In multis sane N. T. locis lectionis variæ, iisque gravissimi argumenti, de vera scriptura judicium firmum et absolutum, quo acquiescere possis, ferri nequit nisi omnium subsidiorum nostrorum alicujus auctoritatis suffragia et interna veri falsique indicia, diligenter explorata, justa lance expendantur. Cum enim judicium pendeat sæpe a multis variisque argumentis, pro lectionibus æmulis pari ad speciem virtute concertantibus, fit haud raro, ut, diversis argumentorum momentis lancem huc illuc trahentibus, uno quodam accedente ea in certam partem inclinetur, optioque decidatur; quo neglecto, aut non rite expenso, rationes non recte subducuntur, et ambigendi dubitandique rationes supersunt, quæ judicii firmitatem et constantiam destituunt. Quod in causa est, ut re non satis omni ex parte circumspecta, non solum critici tantopere inter se dissentiant, sed etiam singuli sententiam suam toties retractent atque commutent." The above representation of a too frequent case may serve to account for the vacillation of judgment which has been so generally imputed to Prof. Tisch. as a grave defect. Yet his gradual, almost unconscious, though now considerable, change of opinion, attested by the restoration to his text of so very large a number of readings in the t. rec., does not at all imply any infirmity of judgment, since the change doubtless arose from the learned Editor's having by degrees at length found time from other important occupations to institute the lengthened course of investigation, pointed out by Prof. Reiche, which is so indispensable to arriving at the truth. However, there are, in fact, few of the passages alluded to where Prof. Tisch. has not acted with sound judgment, as will, it is hoped, appear from the notes thereon to be found in the present work, and where the Professor's reasons for change are oft reported in his own words. Whether he will make still further changes by restoring more readings which have place in t. rec., may be doubted, but only from a reason which has less to do with the faculty of judgment than with the disposition to exercise it, unswayed by prejudice, and unfettered by critical dogmas, which it is high time to cast aside or materially modify, esp. since, in summing up evidence in order to the pronouncing of critical judgment on any question at issue, it is indispensable that prejudice should not "shake the wavering scale, or else it's rarely right adjusted." Besides, much depends on the possession of the very rare faculty, demanding "Ingenium subactum, Judicium sobrium, Animi æquitatem,” of rightly weighing internal evidence; which whether the Professor possesses in the same degree as that by which he is enabled to weigh external, may greatly be doubted. I have particularly adverted, |