The pattern being drawn on a paper, in its proper colours, the cutter begins to prepare the blocks, making a separate block for every distinct colour or shade of colour to be printed, which in some patterns amount to fifteen, exclusive of those which are put in by the pencil. The printer begins with the block, which gives the general outline of the patterns, and then proceeds with the different shades of black, red, and purple. These colours, which are always the first that are inserted, are afterwards fixed, and, as the technical phrase is, brought up, that is, receive their greatest lustre by being boiled in water with an infusion of the root of madder, the particles left by the madder, on the cloth being extracted by its being again boiled with cow-dung. After being rinced in a stream of water, it is boiled a third time with bran; it is then laid on the grass with the impression downwards, and is kept constantly wet. Having lain in this state for a week or ten days, it is again callendered, and returned to the printer, who proceeds to put in the different shades of blue and yellow, which are fixed on the cloth by boiling it in a decoction of a plant called wold, the flower of which only is applicable to the purpose; the cloth is then again rinced, boiled in bran, and laid on the grass, as before. These operations are repeated till every tint is conveyed on the cloth which the original pattern contains, excepting, perhaps, some few, which from the nature of the materials of which they are composed, are obliged to be inserted by a pencil; but of these blue is the only one, which is not liable to be discharged by soap.

The colours which are thus pencilled on the cloth, are dried by a stove; which is the last operation performed by the callico printer, who then returns the cloth to the draper. Before the linen, however, is offered for sale, it undergoes the operation of glazing by fixing a thin coat of wax on the cloth, which is thus rendered more brilliant in its appearance, and less liable to be soiled in wearing.

The pencilling is chiefly performed by children, or by girls from twelve to twenty years of age, who can earn

about

about six shillings and upwards per week. The wages of most of the other persons employed are sufficiently high to enable them to support their families with much comfort.

It must be observed that the process which has been described, is entirely on the same plan as that of printing what are termed wooden cuts, on paper, with the distinction of having a different cut for each colour. There is, however, another mode of printing linen, which is performed by engraved plates and a rolling press; but this is not equal in beauty to the former, and it is believed that two colours are the utmost, that by this process have been inserted. Handkerchiefs, and other small articles, are executed in this mode with great expedition and advantage.

The excise laws are extended to this manufacture of British cloth; the whole of the duty is, however, returned - on those goods which are exported.

We have already, in the former part of this volume, given ample descriptions of Lambeth, Stockwell, Newington, Walworth, Camberwell, Dulwich, and Peckham. The present Route will therefore commence at

STREATHAM.

This village derives its name from being situated near the great Roman road, which led from Sussex to London. The manor was given by William I. to Odo, bishop of Bayeux, having before this time been jointly held by Harold II. and the canons of Waltham, in Essex. It afterwards came into various possessions; and in 1600 was alienated by Henry Pakenham, to Sir Giles Howland, whose brother Richard was bishop of Peterborough. The manor came afterwards into the Bedford family, by the intermarriage of WRIOTHESLEY, duke of Bedford, with Elizabeth, daughter and sole heir of John Howland, Esq.

It is a village five miles from London, in the road to Croydon. The duke of Bedford is lord of one of the manors formerly belonging to the above Mr. Howland, a merchant of London; and the duke takes his title of baron Howland, of

Streatham;

Streatham: his seat here is the residence of lord William Russell. Here also is the villa of Gabriel Piozzi, Esq. who married the widow of Henry Thrale, Esq. a lady who has distinguished herself by various publications in the literary world. In the library, are the portraits of lord Sandys, lord Westcote, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Dr. Johnson, Edmund Burke, Esq. David Garrick, Esq. Dr. Goldsmith, Dr. Charles Burney, Sir Robert Chambers, and Joseph Ba retti, Esq. who all spent many social hours in the room where their portraits now hang, and which were painted for Mr. Thrale by Reynolds. During the lifetime of Mr. Thrale, Dr. Johnson frequently resided here, and experienced that sincere respect to which his virtues and talents were entitled, and those soothing attentions which his illhealth and melancholy demanded. Mr. Thrale was an eminent brewer, and for several years member of parliament for Southwark.

The CHURCH, dedicated to St. Leonard, was built at different periods, and its tower, supporting a small spire, is seen at a great distance.

In the chancel of the church is an epitaph on Rebecca, the wife of William Lyne, who died in 1653: it was written by her husband, who, after enumerating her various virtues, thus concludes:

Should I ten thousand years enjoy my life,

I could not praise enough so good a wife!

On the south wall is a monument to a woman of equal excellence: Elizabeth, wife of major-general Hamilton, who was married near forty-seven years, and never did one thing to disoblige her husband! She died in 1746.

Here are also two tablets, with pompous Latin inscriptions by the late Dr. Johnson, to the memory of Mr. Thrale, and of Mrs. Salusbury, Mrs. Thrale's mother.

Upon an altar tomb in the north wall, un ler a rich Gothic canopy, lies the mutilated figure of an armed knight; the form of the tomb ascertains it to be of the fourteenth century. "It has," says Mr. Lysons, "ben VOL. V. No. 113.

absurdly

absurdly called the tomb of John of Gaunt, who, it is well known, was buried in St. Paul's cathedral." Near this is another antient monument, erected to the memory. of Margaret, wife of Henry Cantlowe, (Cantilupe) and. daughter of Nicholas Aylwin, who died in 1486 †.

One of the most eminent rectors of this church was Dr. Hoadly, bishop of Winchester, who was presented by Mrs. Howland, in 1710, whilst bishop of Bangor, to this living, merely from that lady's esteem of his character and principles.

Among

*See Aubrey's Antiquities of Surrey, vol. i. p. 201; and Salmon, p. 40.

† Mr. Lysons has recorded some very particular anecdotes of a person named Russell, who was buried here, April 14, 1772. "He attached himself at an early period of life to the gypsies, and being of a rambling disposition visited most parts of the Continent as a stroller or vagabond. When advanced in years he settled at Chipsted, in Kent, where he kept a large shop." Having assumed the characters of male and female, Mr. Lysons continues to mention him in the masculine gender, and proceeds: "Sometimes he travelled the country with goods, in the character of a married woman, having changed his maiden name for that of his husband, who carried the pack, and to his death was his reputed widow, ber ing known by the familiar appellation of Bet Page. In the course of his travels he attached himself much to itinerant physicians, learned their nostrums, and practiced their art. His long experience gained him the character of a most infallible doctress, to which profession he added that of an astrologer, and practiced both with great profit; yet such was his extravagance, that he died worth six shillings only. It was a common custom with him to spend whatever he had in his pockets at an alehouse, where he usually treated his companions. About twelve months before his death he came to reside at his native place. His extraordinary age procured him the notice of many of the most respectable families in the neighbourhood, particularly that of Mr. Thrale, in whose kitchen he was frequently entertained. Dr. Johnson, who found him a shrewd sensible person, with a good memory, was very fond of conversing with him. His faculties were so little impaired by age, that a few days before he died, he had planned another ramble, in which his landlord's son was to have accompanied him." After recounting other peculiarities of this being, Mr. Lysons observes, "that supposing him to have been the younger son of John Russell (of this parish) and born in 1672, according to the register, he would have been one hundred years of age; and if he were

the

Among the charitable foundations in Streatham is a school founded by Mrs. Howland, who gave 201. per annum for clothing and educating ten children..

Adjoining to Streatham is CLAPHAM, situated about four miles from Westminster Bridge; the village consists of many handsome houses, surrounding a common, that commands many pleasing views. This common, about the commencement of the present reign, was little better than a morass, and the roads were almost impassable. The latter are now in an excellent state; and the common so beautifully planted with trees, that it has the appearance of a park. These improvements were effected by a subscription of the inhabitants, who, on this occasion, have been much indebted to the taste and exertions of Christopher Baldwin, Esq. an inhabitant and magistrate many years; and, as a proof of the consequent increased value of property on this spot, Mr. Baldwin has sold fourteen acres of land, near his own house, for 5000l. Other villas on this delightful common, are those of Samuel, Robert, and Henry Thornton, Samuel Smith, and John Dent, Esqrs. members of Parliament. A reservoir near the Wandsworth - road, supplies the village with water. The parish probably received its appellation from one of its antient proprietors ; Osgood Clappa being the name of the Danish lord, at whose daughter's marriage feast Hardicanute died.

Bishop Gauden, the supposed author of the EIKON BALIAIKH, was a resident at Clapham. Dr. Nicholas Brady, the joint author with Mr. Nahum Tate, of the New Version of the Psalms; and Anthony Blackwell, an eminent classic, were rectors of Clapham; and Dr. Martin Lister, a

the elder, he would have been one hundred and eight years of age: he would drink hard with men, whose company indeed he chiefly affected, yet he was an excellent sempstress, and celebrated for making a good shirt. There was a wildness and eccentricity in his general conduct, which frequently bordered on insanity; and at least, we may fairly conclude, to use a favourite expression of Anthony Wood, the Oxford biographer, that he had "a rambling head and a crazy pate."-Environs of London, I. p. 489.