MAY. "Costs" and "Tariff Revision." H. PARKER WILLIS. The principle of fixing duties on a basis of comparative cost is proved by a year's experience to be illusory. The First Negotiations for Reciprocity in North America. S. Roy WEAVER. Relating not to the treaty of 1854, but to the abortive negotiations between New England and New France in the middle of the seventeenth century.

The Yale Review (Newhaven).

FEBRUARY, 1911. Taxation of Corporate Franchises in Massachusetts. We learn with regret that this is the last number that will be issued of the Yale Review under its present management. As a specialist organ it has been merged in the New Economic Review, and the future Yale Review will appeal to educated people generally.

Journal des Economistes (Paris).

YVES GUYOT. ALFRED ZAWADOWSKI. Considérations sur le E. GIRETTI. L'Impôt

MARCH, 1911. Les "National Banks" américaines. La Situation financière de la Hongrie. Les Droits de succession. A. MARC. commerce extérieur de l'Italie en 1909. allemand sur la plas value des immeubles. M. BELLOM. APRIL. La Capture et l'échange. YVES GUYOT. An admiring description of M. Molinari's ultima verba. Legislation protectrice du Sol Montagneux en France. L. A. FABRE. système de banque en Angleterre. A. RAFFALOVICH. L'Influence des primes. D. BELLET. An example of futile bounties. La police du travail. YVES GUYOT. Le nègre sudiste sous son aspect économique. WARRINGTON DAWSON. Un canal de Paris à la mer. DANIEL BELLET. La Loi des retraites ouvrières et paysannes. MAURICE BELLOM.

L'Économiste Français (Paris).

Le

MARCH 18, APRIL 1. La météorologie économique et Sociale. DE FOVILLE. Under this title there is considered the composition of several symptoms of a nation's progress, with special reference to Prof. Julin's paper on "The Economic Progress of Belgium" in the Journal of the Statistical Society for February, 1911. Referring to his own method of comparison (Journal de la Société de Statistique de Paris, 1888), M. de Foville questions the significance of arithmetical "totalisation." The physician who examines various symptoms-temperature, pulse, respiration, &c.-inspires confidence. "But I must confess that my confidence in him would be diminished, rather than increased, if I saw him, pencil in hand, gravely adding my temperature to my respiration, and multiplying the sum by the rapidity of my pulse."

APRIL 1 and APRIL 8. Reviewing the growth of American railways -more striking in gross than net income-M. PIERRE LEROY BEAULIEU submits that the Interstate Commerce Commission have acted rather harshly in refusing to the Companies permission to raise their fares.

Revue d'Économie Politique (Paris).

MARCH-APRIL, 1911. Les trois notions de productivité et les revenus. A. AFTALION. La Journée de neuf heures dans les mines et l'enquête Belge. WANDERVELDE. Origine des syndicats ouvriers. L. DECHESNE.

Revue Économique Internationale (Brussels).

FEBRUARY, 1911. Paris as a Seaport is the subject of antithetical articles by M. YVES GUYOT and M. CHARLES LEBOUCQ. Commercial policy is discussed by Prof. B. Najaro; certain commercial treaties by L. FONTANO-RUSSO.

MARCH. This number is consecrated to the study of maritime questions.

APRIL. The series of special numbers is continued by one devoted to the cotton industry. The Director of the Imperial Institute, MR. WYNDHAM DUNSTAN, reviews attempts to grow cotton in various parts of the world. M. LEVASSEUR reviews comprehensively the production and consumption of cotton before and during the nineteenth century. M. AFTALION describes the crises to which the idustry is subject. SIR CHARLES W. MACARA advocates an International Cotton Federation. Agreements to work mills short time in case of over-production might thus be made effective.

Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie (Jena).

MARCH, 1911.

Ergebnisse der Brüsseler Weltausstellung. G. BRODNITZ. Der Ausbau des Arbeitsnachweises. H. WOLFF. FEBRUARY. Der Kursstand der deutschen Reichsanleiben. K. ELSTER. Die Süditalienische Auswanderung. A. SARTORIUS. Beiträge zu den Gesetzen der wirtschaftlichen Phänomenologie. BÉLA FÖLDES. The laws of Contrast, of Correlativity, and Proportionality (or Symmetry) are sketched.

APRIL. Das Progressionsprinzip in der Besteuerung. K. SCHÖNHEYDER. Der Ausbau des Arbeitsnachweises. H. WOLFF.

Jahrbüch für Oestzgehung (Leipsic).

Die Steigerung der Preise. W. J. ASHLEY. A translation of the articles noticed in the ECONOMIC JOURNAL, Vol. XX., p. 669. Die Frauenarbeit nach den beiden letzten Berufszählungen. J. SILBERMANN. The growth of female labour in trade and industry as a whole is not formidable to male competitors; in a few particular industries, it may be so.

Archiv für Sozialwissenschaft (Tübingen).

1911, HEFT 2. The number contains a first article on The Decline of Birth (and Death-) Rate, by K. OLDENBERG, and a second article (the sequel of Archiv Band XXX.) on the law of diminishing returns, by Prof. J. ESSLEN.

Deutsche Zeitschrift f. Kirchenrecht (Tübingen). Vols. XIX. and XX. of this periodical contain a treatise on medieval inheritance taxes in England, by DR. PAUL HAENSEL, of Moscow, an abridgement of the author's work in Russian on the subject.

Giornale degli Economisti (Rome).

FEBRUARY, 1911. Sulla proprieta di un sistema di prezzi politici. M. PANTALEONI. [Continued from January.] Sulla necessita di una riforma delle dottrine logiche della Scienza economica. G. DE RUGGIERO. [A chapter from a forthcoming treatise on "Gnoseologia."] Sul concetto di reddito in relazione al Consumo. G. GERBINO. MARCH. L'economia e la Meccanica. G. DE RUGGIERO. La classe Contadina in Russia. L. NINA. L. NINA. Continued from December, 1910.

APRIL. Di un indice qui misura l'impiego monetario dell' oro relativamente a quello dell argento. G. ALIVIA. The relative value of gold and silver at different epochs is connected with the respective amounts. L'applicazione della mathematica allo studio dei fenomeni economici e sociali. L. AMOROSO. premio sull' oro. G. DEL VECCHIO.

La Riforma Sociale (Turin).

MARCH APRIL, 1911. A supplement to this number deals with barrier duties within a country [Le Dogane interne] considered as "municipal mercantilism."

Scientia (Bologna).

1911. In the two first numbers of this year, among many articles of scientific interest we notice only one specially dealing with economics, that of PROF. IRVING FISHER on The Impatience Theory of Interest. The new term is proposed as more exact and telling than "abstinence," "agio," "waiting," or "time. preference." Interest is "impatience crystallised into a market rate."

NEW BOOKS.

ASHLEY (W. J.). British Dominions: Their Present Commercial and Industrial Condition. A series of general reviews for business men and students. Edited by W. J. Ashley. Longmans, 1911. Pp. 276.

BARBER (D. A.). Press. 1910. Pp. 143.

Cash and Credit.

Cambridge University

["The object of this little work is to provide the reader with a stepping stone from which, fortified with a firm grasp of elementary principles, he may proceed to the study of more ambitious works."]

BESSO (S. L.) The Cotton Industry in Switzerland, Voralberg, and Italy. Manchester: University Press. 1910. Pp. xv+229. 3s. 6d.

[The work of a Gartside scholar based upon personal enquiry, full of varied information, interesting in itself and by comparison with the cotton industry in Lancashire; for instance, as to the use of electricity obtained from the abundant water power in Switzerland, the injury done to Swiss cotton spinning by protective tariffs in other countries, the incomplete differentiation between factory hands and agriculturists, and the not unconnected fact that male labour is protected against over-work in factories.]

No. 82.-VOL. XXI.

Ꮓ

BRAY (F. E.). British Rights at Sea under the Declaration of London. London: King. 1911. Pp. 99. 18.

EGERTON (PROF. HUGH EDWARD). Federations and Unions within the British Empire. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1911. Pp. 302. 88. 6d.

FORBES (A. C.). The Development of British Forestry. New York: Longmans. 1910. Pp. xii+274. $3.00.

[The author is Chief Forestry Inspector. to the Department of Agriculture for Ireland.]

GORDON (W. J.). Our Home Railways: How They Began and How They are Worked. 2 vols. London: Warne. 1910.

GREENWOOD (ARTHUR). Juvenile Labour Exchanges and Aftercare. With an Introduction by Sidney Webb. London: P. S. King. 1911. Pp. 112. 18. net.

[The author is Head of the Economic Department of Huddersfield Technical College.]

HARLEY (J. H.). The New Social Democracy. London: King. 1911. Pp. 218.

HARPER (J. W.). The Social Ideal and Dr. Chalmers' Contribution to Christian Economics. Edinburgh: Macniven and Wallace. 1910. Pp. ix, 377.

HIRST (F. W.). The Stock Exchange. London: Williams and Norgate.

HOWELLS (CLARENCE S.). Transport Facilities in the Mining and Industrial Districts of South Wales and Monmouthshire, their History and Future Development. Publications of the Department of Economics and Political Science in the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire. Edited by Professor H. Stanley Jevons. London: P. S. King. 1911.

LANDA (M. J.). The Alien Problem and its Remedy. London: P. S. King. 1911. Pp. 327.

LEVY (PROF. HERMANN). Large and Small Holdings. A Study of English Agricultural Economics. Translated by Ruth Kenyon. With considerable additions by the author. Cambridge: University Press. 1911. Pp. 249.

MONEY (L. CHIOZZA, M.P.). Riches and Poverty. Tenth and revised edition. London: Methuen. 1910. Pp. 355.

[The statistics of the first edition, which was reviewed in the ECONOMIC JOURNAL, 1906, are brought up to date, showing that the distribution of wealth is becoming still more unequal. Of wealth passing at death, two-thirds is left by only 4,000 persons; 39,000,000 persons are described as "poor." The massing of capital in large units is thought to have strengthened the hand of capital in its dealings with labour.]

MORISON (THEODORE).

The Economic Transition in India.

London: Murray. 1911. Pp. 251.

PRATT (E. A.). Irish Railways and their Nationalisation: A Criticism of the Report of the Vice-Regal Commission. London: King. Pp. 44. 6d.

SAKHAR (PROF. JADUNATH). Economics of British India. Second edition. Calcutta. 1911.

SCOTT (W. R.). The Constitution and Finance of English, Scottish, and Irish Joint Stock Companies to 1720. Vol. III. Cambridge University Press. 1911. Pp. 563.

TARIFF COMMISSION. The Proposed Reciprocal Trade Arrangement between Canada and the United States of America. London: King. 1911. 3d.

TARIFF COMMISSION. Problems of the Imperial Conference and the Policy of Preference. London: P. S. King. 1911. 3d.

[The choice before the United Kingdom is not between Free Trade and Preference, but between Preference and the break up of the unity of the King's dominions.]

WEBB (SIDNEY). Grants in Aid: A Criticism and a Proposal. London: Longmans. 1911. Pp. 135.

WEHBERG (HANS). Capture in War on Land and Sea. Translated. With an Introduction by J. M. Robertson. London⚫ King. 1911. Pp. 210.

WESTON (W. J.).

Pitman's Economics for Business Men. London: Pitman. Pp 128.

["The author endeavours to bring into harmony the theory of the great economists and the practice of the busy world of men."]

BYINGTON (MARGARET F.). Homestead. The Household of a Mill Town. (The Pittsburgh Survey, edited by P. U. Kellogg.) New York: Charities Publication Committee. 1910. Pp. 292.

[A study of family life based on the budgets of ninety households.]

BONAR (JAMES). Disturbing Elements in the Study and Teaching of Political Economy. Baltimore. 1911. Pp. 145.

[Six lectures delivered to the Economic Seminary of the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, in 1910, not on economic error in general, but on the more subtle fallacies which are apt to invade the reasoning of trained economists," e.g., from the wrong handling of distinctions of time.]

BULLOCK (PROF. CHARLES B.). The General Property Tax in Switzerland. Columbus (Ohio): International Tax Association. Pp. 84.

FAIRLIE (J. A.). Report on the Taxation and Revenue System. of Illinois. Special Tax Commission, Urbane, Illinois. 1910.

[The author is Associate Professor of Political Science in the University of Illinois, and Chief Clerk of the Commission for which he has prepared his Report. Discussion is not confined to taxation in Illinois.]

American Economic Association Papers and Discussion of the Twenty-third Annual Meeting at St. Louis, December, 1910. Cambridge (Mass.). 1911. Pp. 388.

[This volume comes up to the high expectations which were expressed in the last number of the ECONOMIC JOURNAL. Besides the topics there mentioned should be noticed the papers and discussion on methods of accounting.]

FITCH (JOHN A.). The Steel Workers. (The Pittsburg Survey.) New York: Charities Publication Committee. 1910.

Pp. 380.

LEWINSKI-CORWIN (E. H.). Workmen's Insurance in Belgium. New York: Columbia University. 1911. Pp. 122.

CLARK (JOHN BATES). Principes d'Économique. Traduction de W. Oualid et O. Leroy. Avec une Préface de W. Oualid. Paris: Giard. 1911. Pp. 520.

[A translation of the Essentials of Economic Theory reviewed in the ECONOMIC JOURNAL, vol. xviii.]