Cathari, heresy of, i. 245, 459
Catharine von Bora, ii. 50, 51
Catherine de Medicis and the Council of
Trent, ii. 221-2; request on priestly
marriage and cup for laity, ii. 239
Catholicism, observances of, borrowed
from Buddhism, i. 23

Catholics "Old," ii. 329

Catholics, persecution of, in Scotland,
ii. 169-70

Caumont, case of married priest in, i. 310
Cavour introduces civil marriage in
Sardinia, ii. 330

Cayetana de la Providencia, Sor, case of,
ii. 285-6

Céle-dé or Culdee, i. 366

Celestin III. sends legate to Bohemia,
i. 293; on hereditary transmission of
benefices, i. 404

Celestin I. (pseudo) on abuse of confes-
sional, ii. 252

Celibacy, argument as to early practice
of, i. 12; St. Jerome admits lack of
injunction for, i. 13; first command to
clergy to practise, i. 59, 62; decretal
of Siricius to Archp. Himerius on, i.
63; evidence that discipline of, was
new, i. 65; Jovinian denies efficacy of,
i. 69; decretal of Siricius opposed by
Vigilantus, i. 71; decretal of Siricius
made compulsory in Gaul and Spain, i.
72; progress of, not effectually resisted,
i. 74; not enforced by third or fourth
Council of Carthage, 74-5; Church in
Gaul neglects rule of, i. 78; resisted
after decretals of Siricius, i. 78;
Western Church committed to, i. 81;
numerous councils discuss, i. 83; in
West, matter of discipline, not doc-
trine, i. 94; canons of Quinisext on,
i. 94; laxity of practice of, i. 96;
views of Abyssinian and Coptic Chris-
tians on, i. 99-100; Saxon Church re-
gardless of, i. 203; zeal of Gregory
VII. for, i. 260; attributed to Gregory
I. and Gregory VII., i. 139, 266;
Alexander II. and Leo IX. on, i. 266;
great influence of, upon Church, i. 267;
enforcement of, causes riots in Passau,
i. 273; of military orders, i, 451, 454;
of heretical sects, i. 459; Wickcliffe's
views upon, doubtful, i. 474; attacked
by John Laillier, ii. 29; Luther stig-
matises rule of, ii. 41; Bernhardi stigma-
tises rule of, ii. 42; numerous books in
sixteenth century ridicule, ii. 103; a
point of faith, in Council of Paris,
1528, ii. 172; dispensations from vows
of, ii. 173-4; supported by better part
of clergy, Reign of Terror, ii. 313; ques-
tion of, not settled by Concordat, ii.
319

Celibates, disabilities of, removed, i. 107
Celsus of Armagh, i. 361

Celtic Churches, original pure simplicity
of, i. 360

Cenobites, beginning of society of, i. 105;
janizaries of Cyril, i. 117

Cent Nouvelles Nouvelles, ii. 242, note
Ceres, celibacy of priestesses of, i. 43
Cesarini, Cardinal, refuses to dissolve
Council, ii. 10

Ceuta, hard labour in, ii. 291

Ceylon, number of monks in, i. 103
Chabot, M. Charles, computes number of
French ecclesiastics, ii. 313, note
Chalcedon, Council of, in 451, i. 118
Chaldean and Mazdean belief in future
life, i. 8

Chalons, Council of, in 893, i. 162
Charibert, laws of, on forcible marriage,
i. 134

Charity of monastic orders, i. 446,
ii. 101

Charity and education, Concordat of 1851
re-establishes orders devoted to, ii. 336,

337
Charlemagne, carries out Church organi-

sation, i. 152-3; representations to
Adrian I. by, i. 153

Charles, Archduke, asks for clerical mar-
riage, ii. 212

Charles Borromeo, St., ii. 227; orders
use of confessional box, ii. 255
Charles-le-Chauve argues against papal
pretensions, i. 159

Charles the Lame, i. 420

Charles Martel, oppresses the Church,
i. 145; condemned to eternal torture,
i. 146; tomb of, opened, i. 146
Charles IV. (Emperor) urges reform,
i. 422, note

Charles V., policy of, in 1530, ii. 64;
temporises with Reformation, ii. 69,
72; issues the Interim, ii. 73; demands
dispensations for married priests, ii.
74; accepts Reformation, ii. 75-6;
demands reassembling of Council of
Trent, ii. 75; objects to transfer of
Council to Bologna, i. 74; seeks to
reform German Church, ii. 179, note
Charles VII. (France) fines concubinary
priests, ii. 12

Charles VIII., Neapolitan conquest by,
ii. 31

Charles IX. (France) favours clerical
marriage, ii. 197

Charles X. tries to introduce Jesuits,
ii. 338

Charles de Valois intervenes in Flanders,
i. 400

Charter House, fate of monks of, ii
85-6

Charter of Oswald's Law, i. 195
Chartrier, Alain, on condition of Church.
ii. 9

Chartreuse, strictness of rule of, ii. 23,
note

Chassidim (Assideans of the Vulgate),
i. 8

Chastity, of barbarians praised by Sal-
vianus, i. 131; feudal tenure by, i.
176; gift of to be obtained by seeking,
i. 409; Archbishop of Trèves on, ii.
187; sacrifice of, i. 4; vows of, intro-
duced, i. 30; perversion of vows of,
i. 142-3; vow of, necessary for holy
orders, i. 207

Chastity, proverbial, of Irish women, ii.
341

Chataigneu, Abbé, court of Angoulême
on, ii. 324

Chatelleraut, Duke of, ii. 163

Châtillon de, Bishop of Beauvais, mar-
ried, ii. 153, note

Chaucer, description of priest's wife and
children, i. 420; plain speaking of, i.
432; Personne's Tale, i. 437

Chavard, Abbé, Le Célibat des Prêtres, ii.
298, note, 300, 309, 340, notes: marries
at Geneva, ii. 324

Chelsea, Council of, in 787, i. 190;
canons of, i. 190

Chepstow, Abbess of, accuses Dr. Lon-
don, ii. 97

Cheregato, legate, on priestly immunity,
ii. 49, note

Chertsey, reformation of monastery of,
i. 195

Chester, see of, created, ii. 100

Chichester, Bishop of, on commission to
try married bishops, ii. 125
Chiericato and religious scandals, ii.

244

Childebert, laws of, on forcible marriage,
i. 134

Children cause ineligibility to episco-
pate, i. 93; to cardinalate, ii. 227
Children of ecclesiastics (see also Here-
ditary transmission), in tenth century,
i. 165, 166, 170; Otho the Great issues
edict on, i. 170; Church stripped to
benefit, i. 175; Adalbero of Metz does
not refuse ordination to, i. 178; dis-
abilities of, in the eleventh century,
i. 207; yet openly provided for, i.
210; considered ineligible for ordina-
tion, i. 215; admitted to holy orders
by Alexander II., i. 241; Archdeacon of
Salzburg bewails ordination of, i. 295;
follow father's profession in Poland,
i. 301; pronounced infamous, i. 303;
given as hostages in Friesland, i.
304; Paschal II. addresses Anselm on,
i. 335; Thibaut of Etampes on, i. 335;
treated as legitimate in deed of thir-
teenth century, i. 354; Gwentian code
on, i. 358; Archbishop of Cashel ques-
tions Clement III. on, i. 363; recog-
nised in diocese of Salamanca, i. 379;

ineligible for knighthood, i. 404;
fathers not to officiate at marriage of,
ii. 17; not to assist fathers in the
Mass, ii. 17; dispensations for, ii. 21;
taxes of penitentiary for, ii. 55; posi-
tion under Edward VI., ii. 122; Queen
Mary repeals Act legitimating, ii.
124; formally legitimated under Eliza-
beth, ii. 138; may inherit property of
parents, ii. 153-4; promotion of, pro-
hibited in Scotland, ii. 160; daughters
not to be married to barons or lairds,
sons not to be barons or lairds, ii.
160; dispensations for legitimation of,
ii. 219; not to live with parents in
Salzburg, ii. 231-2; prohibited from
holding father's benefices, ii. 234;
enriched with patrimony of Church,
ii. 237

China, development of Buddhism in,
i. 102

Christ College, Oxford, founded by
Wolsey, ii. 82; endowed by confis-
cated monasteries, ii. 82

Christian Church, puritanism of early, i.

19

Christianity, purifying influence of, i.

441

Chrodegang, St., of Metz, rule of, i.

152

Chrysostom, St. John, extravagant praise
of virginity, i., 90

Church, Catholic, morals of (see Morals)
Church, the Ante-Nicene, i. 17; the
Latin, great fact in history of civilisa-
tion, i. 1; accession of property due
to celibacy, i. 61; early characteristics
of Greek, i. 87; severity of discipline
in Latin, i. 93; independent organi-
sation of Latin, i. 130; oppressed by
Austrasian mayors of palace, i. 142;
grows independent of secular control,
i. 163; responsibility of, i. 442; corrup-
tion of, discussed in Vienna, ii. 193,
note; subservient in no country to
State, ii. 334; present reactionary
efforts of, ii. 363; part still to be
played by, ii. 363

Church lands, fate of, in Scotland, ii.
163-4; in England, ii. 90; in France,
ii. 306-7

Churching of priests' wives forbidden, ii.

315

Ciempozuelos, case of Sor Cayetana in,
ii. 285-6

Circilliones, vagabond monks, i. 122
Circular discipline, ii. 289

Cirita, Juan, case of, i. 124, note
Cistercian discipline, St. Malachi ini-
tiates his attendants in, i. 362
Cities, monks not allowed to enter, i.

119

Citra, justiciary of, fines clerical concu-
bines, i. 420-1

Claude of Macon, ii. 173

Clemanges, De, on condition of Church,
i. 426, ii. 1, 4

Clement II., appointed by Emperor Henry
III., i. 214; tries to suppress simony,
i. 215

Clement III., on self-mutilation, i. 30,
note; on children of bishops, i. 363
Clement IV., enforces celibacy in Austria

and Denmark, i. 303; bulls from, to
Wolsey, ii. 82, 83, 84; on hereditary
transmission, ii. 174

Clement VIII. on jurisdiction of Spanish
Inquisition, ii. 261

Clement X., i. 415

Clement III. (anti-pope), on concubinage,
i. 284; death in 1100, i. 288
Clement of Alexandria, on heresies, i. 20,
note; on the Virgin, i. 67-8, note
Clement, Bishop, a "pestilent heresiarch,"
i. 149

Clement of Versailles, pastoral of, on
priestly marriage, ii. 314

Clement XIV. suppresses Order of Jesuits,
ii. 335

Clergy, Anglican, Macaulay's estimate of,
ii. 149; French, antagonistic to Revo-
lution, ii. 307; resistance to celibacy,
i. 211, 249, 263, 270, 273
Clermont, Councils of, in 1095 and 1130,
i. 317, 387

Cleves, Duke of, asks for priestly mar-
riage, ii. 194

Climène, Frère, prosecuted for 25 offences,
ii. 361

Clotair I., law on forcible marriage, i. 134
Clotair II. on monastic excesses, i. 128,
note

Clovesho, Council of, in 747, i. 189
Cnut, ecclesiastical laws of, i. 201
Cochin China, Apostolic Vicar of, appeals
to Pius VI., ii. 275

Cochlæus, John, on Confession of Augs-
burg, ii. 210, note

Cœlestin III. on hereditary transmission,
i. 404

Coklaw, Thomas, marriage of, ii. 166
Colet, John, good work of, in sixteenth
century, ii. 78; on vices of the Church,
ii. 78-9

Colloquy of Poissy in 1561, ii. 238-9
Colmenas, Padre, illicit relations in con-
fessional, ii. 286

Cologne, Manichæism in, in 1146, i. 245;
Council of, in 1260, i. 418; 1306, i. 470;
1423, ii. 7; 1527, ii. 171, note; speech
of "Orator" at Council of, ii. 171,
note; Herman von Wied, Archbishop
of, ii. 176; Archbishop of, issues
Augsburg Formula, ii. 188; deplores
licence of times, ii. 188

Coloman, King, enforces celibacy in
Hungary, i. 298

Colonies, Spanish, immorality of clergy
in, ii. 245, 247-8

Columba, St., asceticism of, i. 142; rule
of, i. 185; establishes Christianity in
Scotland, i. 185

Columban, St., Penitential of, i. 68
Comedians forbidden to perform in
nunneries, ii. 189

Commendone, legate, holds out hope
of clerical marriage, ii. 194; sent by
Pius V. to Augsburg, ii. 218
Comminges, miracle in, i. 325
Communion in both elements, in early

Church, i. 35; refused to laity, i. 35;
demanded in Bohemian Church, i. 480,
ii. 212; open question at Diet of Augs-
burg, ii. 66; people of Merseberg de-
mand, ii. 72; demanded by Emperor
Ferdinand, ii. 193; by Duke of Bavaria,
ii. 75; granted to Germany, ii. 209;
withdrawn, 212

Comparative merits of virginity and
marriage, i. 37, 38, 432; ii. 204
Comparative morality of secular and
regular clergy, ii. 294

Compiègne, marriage of priests in, i. 326
Compostella, Council of, in 1114, i. 376
Concordat, of 1516 with Francis I.,
ii. 55; 1801, ii. 316; re-establishment
of monachism forbidden by, ii. 337;
of 1851, ii. 336

Concordia discordantium canonum, i.
390

Concubinage, punishment for, under
Justinian, i. 92; less objectionable
than matrimony, i. 166; prohibited in
Councils of Anse and Poitiers, i. 181;
less odium attached to, in Middle
Ages, i. 230, note; of escaped priest of
Clairvaux, i. 321; denounced by John
of Crema, himself guilty of, i. 338-9;
not defended as a right in thirteenth
century, i. 357; condemned under
pressure in Spain, i. 378; difficulty in
suppressing, i. 379; attempts to sup-
press, in thirteenth century, i. 380;
scale of confiscation for those guilty
of, i. 381; Antonio Fluviano upon,
i. 456; priest practising, guilty of
heresy, i. 478; curious German tract
against, ii. 54; capital punishment for,
changed to confiscation, ii. 115; uni-
versality of, a reason for condoning,
ii. 176; clergy of Mainz, Trèves, and

Cologne in league to defend, ii. 178;
pronounced heretical, i. 478; for-
bidden by Augsburg code, ii. 186;
Archbishop of Trèves, mandate
against, ii. 187; provision against, in
Council of Trent, ii. 206; forbidden at
Utrecht, ii. 230-31; callousness con-
cerning, ii. 296; in United States,
ii. 344; toleration of, almost universal,
ii. 348
Concubines of clergy, in Spain, i. 136;
to be visited with stripes and shaving,
i. 171; openly kept by canons, St.
Ursman and Antoin, i. 326; a bishop
confesses to keeping, i. 355; position
of, less odious in Middle Ages, i. 230,
note; in Scotland, i. 231, note; excom-
munication and "burial of asses" for,
i. 380; Cortes of Castile on shameless-
ness of, i. 382; Pedro the Cruel, orders
concerning, i. 382; not to be kept
openly, i. 411; Ferdinand and Isabella
fine, ii. 17; legends concerning, i. 414;
fined by Charles the Lame, i. 420; de
familia clericorum, i. 421; scourged in
Trani, ii. 15-16

Confessio Golia on celibacy, i. 353, note
Confession of Augsburg, ii. 65 ; refutation
of, ii. 66

Confession of Faith, Calvinistic, ii. 151, 169
Confession, auricular, commencement of,
ii. 252, note; dispensation from, ii.
173-4

Confessional, abuse of, in Middle Ages,
i. 435; celebrants ordered to use daily,
ii. 244; Council of Trent on, ii. 245;
Miguel, Albert, on priest misusing, ii.
245, note; scandals of, ii. 251; casu-
istry regarding solicitation in, ii. 263;
difficult to determine limits of inde-
cency in, ii. 268-9; filthy contagion
spread in, ii. 269-70; secrets of, in
Spanish archives, ii. 283

"Confessional, Theory and Practice of
the," Schieler, ii. 277, note
Confessional box, first evolved, ii. 255;

to be used in all churches, ii. 256;
priests oppose seclusion of, ii. 256
Confessors, exempt from torture by
rack, ii. 284; denounced, not in secret
prison during trial, ii. 286; St. Caterina
di Pistoia on immorality of, ii. 304;
rules for, with regard to "denuncia-
tion," ii. 355-6

Confiscation of estates of married priests,
i. 92

Congregation of the Index, Fr. Catalini
on, ii. 184, note

Congregation, of the Inquisition, ii. 219;
Lords of (Scotland), ii. 168
Conjo, convent of S. Maria in, i. 376
Conrad, King of Lombardy, i. 260
Conrad, legate, holds Council of Mainz,
i. 418

Conrad of Prague, the Hussite, i. 47

note

Conrad of Wurzburg, imprisons two
married canons, ii. 49; on immorality
of clergy, ii. 58, note

Consilium de emendanda ecclesia, ii.
183; on Index Librorum Prohibi-
torum, ii. 184; translated by Luther,
ii. 184

Constance, enforcement of celibacy in,
i. 272; Assembly of, in 1094, i. 290;
Ecumenical Council of, deposes John
XXIII., i. 426-7; Council of, orders
burning of Huss and Jerome of Prague,
ii. 3; failure of Council of, ii. 5;
marriage of clergy suggested at Coun-
cil of, ii. 25; synod of, in 1567, ii. 58,
note; synod of, in 1609, ii. 236
Constantine, assembles first General
Council (of Nicæa), i. 46; encourages
monachism, i. 107
Constantine Copronymus

monks, i. 97, note

persecutes

Constantine of St. Symphorian, i. 178
Constantinople, Council of, in 381, i.
88-9; in 400, i. 90; in 680, i. 94
Constat Venaissin, ii. 241
Constitutions, apostolical (see Apostoli-
cal)

Constitution of 1791, clerical marriage
in, ii. 309

Contarini, Cardinal, on commission for
reformation, ii. 183; on evils of celi-
bacy, ii. 241, note

Continence overbalanced by pride, i. 19
Continence, vows of (see Chastity)
Consulento Ecclesiastico, il, ii. 245, note
Convention, National, on bishops and
priestly marriage, ii. 314

Convents (see Nunneries and Monachism)
Conventuals, ii. 21

Converts from Catholicism, marriage of,
ii. 152

Convocation of 1536 on heresy and celi-
bacy, ii. 106; of 1538 on celibacy,
private Masses, and communion in one
kind, ii. 109; of 1554 enforces celibacy,
ii. 127; of 1557, legislation of, ii. 133
Coptic Church, customs of, i. 99
Cordova, Fray Francisco di, on success
of Lutheranism, ii. 224

Cormecte, Thomas, wandering preacher,
ii. 25; burned at stake, ii. 26
Cornelius Agrippa, ii. 37
Cornaro, Cardinal, ii. 202
Corruption of laity by clergy, i. 323, 370,
ii. 237

Cosmo, Bishop of Prague, i. 290
Cosmo, Dean of Prague, married, i. 293;
relates case of married priest, i. 293
Cossa, Balthazar, afterwards John XXIII.,
i. 426

Councils vary on canonical age for
women, ii. 343

Cournand, Abbé, proposes clerical mar-
riage, ii. 309; marriage of, ii. 310
Court of Augmentations, ii. 92
Courts, mixed, for married priests, i. 308
Coutances Cathedral, no Mass in, for
seventy years, i. 158

Cowl, Luther's wearing of, ii. 44–5
Cows as source of ecclesiastical revenue,
i. 363

Cox, Bishop, on Queen Elizabeth's In-
junctions, ii. 143

Cozza, Cardinal, on abuse of confessional,

ii. 269, note; on papal decrees on con-
fessional, ii. 278

Cranach, Lucas, present at Luther's
marriage, ii. 51; portrait of Luther's
bride by, ii. 52

Cranmer, Confutation of Unwritten Veri-
ties, ii. 81; intercedes for Patmore, ii.
104; secret marriage of, ii. 105; on
celibacy for ejected monks, ii. 113;
second wife of, niece of Osiander, ii.

114

Cristofori di Vercelli, ii. 228

Cristóval de Sepúlveda and solicitation,
ii. 289
Cromwell, Thomas, and English religious
houses, ii. 87-8; exaggerated accounts
of monasteries sent to, ii. 88-9; bribes
tendered to, ii. 93, note; favours priestly
marriage, ii. 105, does not enforce
harshest measures, ii. 115; fall of, ii.
115

Crossed Friars, case of abbot of, ii. 97
Culdees, i. 366; rule of, relaxed, i. 366;
disappearance of, i. 367
Cullagium (see Licences)

Cumad Espuc, virgin bishop, i. 360
Cunegunda, St., asceticism of, i. 204,

Cyprian, St., rebukes promiscuous bath-
ing, i. 31; shows consideration for
human weakness, i. 32; compares vir-

ginity and marriage, i. 37

Cyril, St., Cenobites, janizaries of, i. 117
Cyrillus converts Bohemia, i. 290, note

DABRALIS of Spalatro degraded by
Leo IX., i. 220

Daimbert of Sens and conduct of his
dignitaries, i. 317

Dalmatia, priestly marriage in tenth cen-
tury, i. 220; relaxation of canons in, i.
241; enforcement of celibacy in, i. 299 ;
synod of, in 1199, i, 300

Damasus I. (Pope) asserts, clerical celi-
bacy, i. 63

Damasus II., pontificate of twenty-one
days of, i. 218

Damhouder, jurisconsult of Flanders, on
character of clergy, ii. 237

Damiani, St. Peter, relates story of
Alberic of Marsico, i. 176; bewails
fate of responsible abbots, i. 177;
goads Clement II. to efforts for reform,
i. 216; story of life of, i. 216-18; essay
of, paints depravity of time, i. 219;
supports Alexander II. against anti-
pope, i. 235; nearly loses life while on
mission, i. 237; in deadly peril at
Milan, i. 251

Dampierre, Guillaume de, case of, i.
399

Dancing mania considered due to vitiated
baptism, i. 437

Danes, effect of incursions of, i. 158
Danes, Pierre, Bishop of Vaur, repartee
of, at Council of Trent, ii. 34, note
Darius, Silvester, papal collector in
England, ii. 39

Daughters (see Children)

Davanzati, Bishop, favours clerical mar-
riage, ii. 300, note

Daviaux of Bordeaux forbids clerical
marriage, ii. 319

David I., reforms of, i. 367

Deacons, allowed to marry, i. 28, ii. 121;
marriage of, forbidden, i. 77, 92, 171,
299, 300, 303, 331, 394
Deacon, case of married, left in peace,
i. 327

Deaconesses, ordination of, in early
Church, i. 56; marriage of, forbidden,
i. 104, note

Deans of Friesland, i. 304
Death penalty, for marrying a nun, i. 109;
for seducing a nun, i. 154; for clerical
marriage under Six Articles, ii. 112
Déaz de Luzo, Bernardius, canon lawyer,
ii. 176

Débra, Abbé, case of, ii. 359; 32 offences
of, in one year, ii. 361
Decretals, false, on clerical celibacy, i.
154-5