ABBEY lands, disposition of, in Germany,
ii. 63-4, 66; England, ii. 91-2, 130;
Scotland, ii. 164-5; confiscated in
France, ii. 306-7; Italy, ii. 337
Abbo, St., of Fleury, inculcates beauty of
purity, i. 176; murdered by his monks,
i. 177

Abbot of Crossed Friars, immorality of,
ii. 97

Abbot of Langdon, immorality of, ii.
88

Abbot of Walden, secret marriage of,
ii. 105

Abbots, of Hungary in fifteenth century,
ii. 19; execution of English, ii. 97;
parliamentary, ii. 98

Abelard, description of monastic life by,
i. 319; marriage of, i. 324; "Sic et
Non by, i. 389; speculations ad-
dressed to Heloise by, i. 433, note; on
abuse of confessional, i. 436, note
Abingdon, abbey of, i. 193
Absalom of Scania, i. 301
Absolution, marketable commodity in

Rome, i. 443; given by "soliciting'
priests to penitents, ii. 272; by "solicit-
ing" priests forbidden by Benedict
XIV., ii. 274; by "soliciting" priests
forbidden in Greek Church, ii. 274; by
guilty confessors denounced, ii. 273
Abstinence (sexual) in pagan priesthood,
i. 42

Abstinentes, heresy of, i. 20
Abuse of confessional (see Confessional)
Abyssinian Church, customs of, i. 99
Accomplice, immunity of, i. 355, note
Acephali, vagabond monks, i. 122
Adalbero of Metz ordains sons of priests,
i. 178

Adam de la Halle on Alexander IV., i.
414

Adamites, i. 470

Adam of Marisco, i. 357

Adela of Flanders, seeks to enforce celi-
bacy, i. 312; miraculous cure of, ii.
23, note

Adelaide of Savoy, Damiani asks inter-
position of, i. 239

Adolph of Nassau, ii. 34, note
Adrian I. asserts morality of his clergy,
i. 153

Adrian VI., receives complaint, Diet of
Nürnberg, ii. 34, note; reproaches Diet
of Nurnberg, ii. 49; compares Luther
to Mahomet, ii. 60

Adulphe, Frère, prosecuted for 67 offences,
ii. 361-2

Adultery by ecclesiastics, Council of
Mexico on, ii. 250

Adulterous wives, of priests to be put
away, i. 27; of Calvinist ministers
ii. 152

Elfric, St., of Canterbury, pastoral letter
of, i. 199

Eneas, Sylvius (see Pius II.)

Africa, Church of, Siricius enforces celi
bacy on, i. 64; celibacy not openly
resisted in, i. 74

African Church, celibacy discussed in
Carthage, i. 74; Donatist monks in,
i. 118, note

Agapetæ, scandals of, condemned by
Council of Elvira, i. 43; Council of
Ancyra in 314, i. 47; arouse St.
Jerome's indignation, i. 47-8; Epi-
phanius testifies against, i. 48; worthy
attention Nicene fathers, i. 48
Age, minimum, for vows, in early Church,
i. 109, 116; in eighteenth century, ii.
302; for subdiaconate and priesthood,
ii. 340; canonical, for women resident
with priests, ii. 343

Agen, Manichæism in 1100, i. 244
Agnes, Empress, made regent, i. 224;
deprived of regency, i. 235
Agumanes, Diego de, indecency of, in
confessional, ii. 269

Agrippa, Cornelius, on the clergy, ii. 37;
licences to sin, ii. 55, note; character
of Roman prelates, ii. 57, note

Aix la Chapelle, Council of, in 836, i. 156;
817, i. 156, note

Alain Chartier, Archdeacon of Paris, on
clerical morals, ii. 9

Alain de l'Isle, "Universal Doctor," on
clerical morals, i. 396-7

Alberic, Cardinal, and heretics, i. 463
Alberic of Marsico, crimes of, i. 176
Alberic of Ostia, legate to England, i. 341
Albero of Liége permits priestly mar-
riage, i. 295

Albero of Mercke, heresy of, i. 230, note
Albero of Verdun, efforts at reform by,
i. 318

Albert II. (Emperor) fines concubinary
priests, ii. 12

Albert of Bavaria, asks for clerical mar-
riage, ii. 195; presents request to
Pope, ii. 208; letter from Pius V. to,
ii. 223
Albertof Brandenburg,becomes Lutheran,

i. 457, ii. 63; founds hereditary duke-
dom of Prussia, i. 457

Albert, Primate of Germany, ii. 63, note
Albert of Hamburg, exhorts clergy to
continence, i. 211; measures of reform
by, i. 221

Albert of Mainz, addresses Frederic of
Saxony on marriage, ii. 42; imprisons
married priest, ii. 43

Albert, Miguel, and Mass of immoral
priest, ii. 245, note

Albigenses, heresy of, i. 245; attacked
by St. Bernard, i. 409; tenets of, i.
459-60

Alboin defends sacerdotal marriage, i. 51
Alby, heresy in, i. 464
Alcántara, Order of, i. 454

Alcobaça, Abbot of, head of Order of
St. Michael, i. 456

Alcuin on disorders of Saxon nunneries,
i. 190

Aldebert of Le Mans, shameless licen-
tiousness of, i, 318

Aldhelm, St., on errors of faith and disci-
pline, i. 188

Alemanni, unchastity of, i. 131, note
Alexander II., estimate of St. Peter
Damiani, i. 217; addresses Milanese
on heresies, i. 253; suppresses the
Liber Gomorrhianus, i. 219, note; en-
forces reform, i. 237; is discouraged,
i. 241; protects the Jews, i. 242;
authorises war against priestly mar-
riage, i. 254; sends legation to Milan,
i. 256; efforts in Spain by, i. 371:
sends letter to William the Conqueror,
i. 329; death of, i. 242; enforcement
of celibacy attributed to, i. 266
Alexander III., on married canons, i.
326; ceaselessly attempts reform in
England, i. 342; strives with Bar-
barossa, i. 393; on dissolution of mar-
riage, i. 396; thinks of introducing
discipline of Greek Church, i. 402; on
hereditary transmission of benefices,
ii. 174, note

Alexander IV.,on licentious ecclesiastics,
i. 413; on corruption of laity by
priests, i. 436

Alexander VI., character of, i. 428;
grants marriage to Portuguese mili-
tary Orders, i. 455

Alexander VII., on love-letters in confes-
sion, ii. 267; on denunciation of a con-
fessor, ii. 273

Alfonso the Wise admits clerical celi-
bacy not apostolic, i. 14
Alfonso VI. (Castile) asks for a legate,
i. 372

Alfonso VIII., expedition of, to Portugal,
i. 374; becomes a canon and marries
following year, i. 375–6
Alfonso I. (Portugal) founds Orders of
St. Avis and St. Michael, i. 455, 456
Alfred on chastity of nuns, i. 191
Algiers, court of, decides on civil mar-
riage of priests, ii. 324

Alphonso Liguori, St., on clerical cor-
ruption, ii. 245, note

Altmann of Passau, enthusiastic papalist,
i. 271; renowned for piety, i. 273;
expelled by Henry IV. i. 273; returns
to diocese, i. 273

Alva, Duke of, success of, ii. 73; issues
commands to prelates at Utrecht, ii.
230

Alvarez Pelayo on Spanish clergy, i.

412

Amalfi (see Melfi)

Amandus of Maestricht, i. 141, note
Amandus, Bishop, papal legate to Spain,
i. 371

Amaury of Bène, i. 469

Ambrogio Caterino disputes with Lu-
ther, ii. 41

Ambrose, St., admits ancient custom of
non- celibacy, i. 66; synod under
auspices of, condemns Jovinian, i. 69;
general of Order of Camaldoli, ii. 8;
succeeds in labours for celibacy, i. 81
Ambrose, St., of Camaldoli and amorous
abbot, ii. 8

Amedeus of Savoy, ii. 27

America (see United States, Canada,
and Spanish Colonies)

Ammonius Saccas and Neo-Platonic
philosophy, i. 28

Ammonius, St., triumphs over the flesh,
i. 220, note

Amort, Dr., on morals in eighteenth
century, ii. 266

Anabaptists, ii. 68

Anaclet (anti-pope) enforces celibacy,
i. 294
Anastasius

(Emperor),

against, i. 118

insurrection

Anathema for disbelief in celibacy,
ii. 204

Ancarono, opinion of, upon concubines
of priests, i. 421

Ancyra, Council of, in 314, allows mar-
riage of priests, i. 47; denounces
agapetæ, i. 47

Andrew, Bishop of Tarentum, case of,
i. 138, note

Angelric, priest of Vasnaw, publicly
married, i. 162

Angers, demoralisation of clergy in,
ii. 8

Anglican bishops, marriage of, ii. 146
Anglican clergy, restrictions on marriage

of, ii. 122; flexibility of faith of,
ii. 140; evil influence of marriage of,
ii. 145-6; position of, according to
Macaulay, ii. 149

Anglican Church, the, ii. 77-149; Queen
Elizabeth, estimate of the, ii. 141
Anglican ritual, marriage service in,
ii. 122

Anglo-Irish Church, disorders of, i. 361
Anglo-Saxon Church, disorders of, i. 168;
celibacy enjoined in, i. 39
Angoulême, amour of Archdeacon of,
i. 325

Anjou, Council of, in 453, i. 82
Ann of Cleves, marriage of, ii. 115
Annates, increase of, by Popes, ii. 33;
withdrawn by Henry VIII., ii. 85
Anse, Council of, in 990, i. 181
Anselm, St., on sacraments of sinful
priests, i. 229, note; reforms by, i. 331,
332; exiled, i. 334; death of, i. 337
Anselmo di Badagio, afterwards Pope
Alexander II., i. 235, 246; sent to
Milan, i. 251 (see Alexander II.)
Anthony, Bishop of Ephesus, crimes of,
i. 90

Anthony, Archbishop of Prague, ii. 232,
235

Antony, St., retires to the desert, i. 105;

has many followers, i. 117
Antichrist, anticipation of, ii. 9
Antidicomarianitarians, heresy of, i. 68
Antoin, married canons of, i. 326
Antonelli, Cardinal, imprisons Panzini,
ii. 326

Antwerp, synod of, in 1610, ii. 236
Apel, John, punished for marrying, ii. 49
Apocalypsis Goliæ, i. 345

Apollinaris of Rhodez, i. 132, note
Apollo, compulsory celibacy of priest-
esses of, i. 43

Apostolic canons on digami, i. 24; permit
priestly marriage, i. 40, 44
Apostolic constitutions on digami, i. 24;
allow retention of wives married before
ordination, i. 28; regarding widows,
ii. 27

Apostolici, heresy of, i. 105, note
Apologie du Célibat Chrétien, ii. 299
Appeals to Rome, immunity caused by,
i. 158-9; effect of, i. 398; forbidden
by Alexander IV., i. 414; forbidden in

cases of immorality by Council of
Trent, ii. 206

Ap Rice visits monastic houses in
England, ii. 87, 105

Aquinas, St. Thomas, admits that Christ
did not enforce celibacy, i. 13; on sac-
raments of sinful priests, i. 229, note;
on vows, i. 396, note

Arab monachism, nature of, i. 46, note
Arabic version of Nicene canons, i. 111
Aranda, Council of, in, 1473 ii. 17
Arbuckle, Friar, disputes with Knox, ii.
167
Archembald of Sens, evil example of,
i. 175

Archives, Spanish, researches in, ii. 249,
note; recent access to, ii. 283
Arechis of Beneventum, edict of, i. 143
Aretino, abuses in Church of, i. 168
Arfastus of Thetford, i. 329
Arialdo, St., candidate for archbishopric,
Milan, i. 246; accompanies Erlembaldo
to Rome, i. 254; is excommunicated,
i. 250; procures excommunication of
Archbishop Guido, i. 255; put to death
by satellites of Guido, i. 256; miracles
at tomb of, i. 256

Arianism, celibacy under, i. 135
Arith, William, on abuses, ii. 155,
Arles, Council of, in 314, i. 43, note; in
443, i. 82

Armagh, hereditary Archbishops of, i.
361

Armagnac, Cardinal of, Pius V. urges

reforms on, ii. 241

Armenia, Council of, in 1362, i. 96, note;
hereditary priesthood in, i. 96
Arnaldo de Peralta attempts reforms,
i. 379

Arnold of Brescia drives Eugenius III.
from Rome, i. 388

Arnolfo, a reformer, fate of, i. 424
Arran, Regent, favours Reformation,
ii. 158; power wrested from, ii. 162
Artemis, celibate priestesses for, i. 43
Arthur of Brittany, a canon of Tours,
i. 376, note

Artices, Thirty-nine, clerical marriage in,
ii. 140

Articles, Forty-two, clerical marriage in,
ii. 121

Articles, the Six, enacted by Parliament,
ii. 111; heretics burned under, ii. 97,
note; modification of, ii. 115; repeal
of, ii. 117; popular call for restoration
of, ii. 120; virtually revived under
Mary, ii. 137; repealed under Eliza-
beth, ii. 137

Arundel of Canterbury on Lollards, i. 476
Asceticism, foreign to Hebrew tradition,
i. 4; of early Christians, i. 17; of
heretical sects, i. 20; stimulated by
Buddhism, i. 22; growing tendency
towards, i. 22; Neo-Platonism borrows