exclusively of Spaniards, who are working "under cover" and concerning whom very little information was available. It will be recalled that in February, 1919, a certain number of men were arrested, suspected of plotting against the life of President Wilson, and of that number two were from Niagara Falls and probably belonged to the small group of Spanish anarchists who make their headquarters in that city.

Several branches of the Workers' International Industrial Union, better known as the W. I. I. U., were found in Buffalo. The Polish branch, No. 1, held its meetings at 1036 Broadway, Buffalo, and the English branch met at Harigari Hall, 431 Genesee Street.

The Social Labor Party also had a section there, known as Section Erie County, and meeting at Fleming's Hall, 431 Genesee Street. Practically the whole Socialist organization in Buffalo went Communist, and a conservative appraisal of the number of revolutionary radicals to be found in Buffalo and vicinity would be about 2,000.

At Niagara Falls there was also found a branch of the Union of Russian Workers, but not particularly well organized, and composed of but twelve members.

A circular, entitled "Your Shop," and marked "Propaganda Leaflet No. 3 of the Communist Party of America," was distributed by the tens of thousands in the various industrial plants in and around Buffalo, and was but one of a series of leaflets which preached the doctrine of class hatred and discontent and urged the workers to seize the industries in which they were employed and expropriate them for themselves. A copy of this leaflet appears in full in Chapter V of the subsection dealing with the Communist Party.

It was ascertained by the investigators of this Committee that there were in Zone A thirty-one towns and cities in which were found evidences of revolutionary radical activities. Boris Reinstein, who is one of the members of the International Propaganda Committee of Soviet Russia in Moscow, came from Buffalo and left this country without a passport. The daughter of Boris Reinstein is married to a Dr. Kabanoky of Buffalo, who is very active in revolutionary radical circles in that city.

In the rural communities in Zone A, such as Mayville, Sheridan, Findlay, Findlay Lake, Clymer and Jamestown, in Chautauqua County, and Warsaw and Casteel, in Wyoming County,

radical activity is conducted almost exclusively by correspondence. Small schools or classes are conducted in these various communities, and an attempt is made to gain proselytes to the cause of revolutionary radicalism.

The Jamestown strike of the summer of 1919 was conducted by the Workers' International Industrial Union, which is known as a syndicalist organization and is practically conducted on the same lines and on the same principles as the I. W. W. As pointed out in another section of this report, it discards the theory of a fair day's pay for a fair day's work and advocates the seizure of industries by the workers themselves.

The numbers running from 1 to 31 on the map of Zone A indicate the towns in which radical revolutionary activity is extant to some appreciable extent. It must not be thought, however, that the fact of a town's being indicated as a center of radical activity on these maps necessarily means that that activity has assumed any large or dangerous proportions.

ZONE B

Zone B includes the counties of Monroe, Orleans, Genesee, Livingston, Ontario and Wayne. The principal center of activity in Zone B is Rochester. The headquarters of the Communist Party in this city were in Labor Lyceum at 580 St. Paul Street, better known as Dynamite Hall, that being the term commonly used throughout the city in describing this radical headquarters. The organizer of the party in this city was one C. M. O'Brien, who is now under indictment, charged with Criminal Anarchy, and who was arrested by the agents of this Committee, acting in co-operation with the local police and the District Attorney, on the night of December 29, 1919.

A description of Dynamite Hall and the activities there conducted is to be found in another chapter of this report dealing with the general subject of subversive education.

There have been several large strikes in Rochester during the past year, particularly in the Bausch & Lomb Optical Works and in the clothing industry, and there are indications that both of these strikes were fomented by the leaders of radical revolutionary organizations. One Komorowsky, who was a delegate to the Communist Party Convention at Chicago in September, 1919, was one of the leaders of the Bausch & Lomb strike.

The radical revolutionary unions have secured a very firm foothold in the clothing industry at Rochester, and there is but one concern, the Michael Stern Company, which is running a 100 per cent American shop; that is, a shop in which all the employees are American citizens and members of the American Federation of Labor.

There are a number of members of the Union of Russian Workers in Rochester, and records in the possession of the Committee indicate that 150 copies of "Khlieb-y-Volya," the anarchist paper of Peter Bianki, were regularly sent to Rochester.

There are several towns in Zone B in which there was found some evidence of radical activity, these towns being, in addition to Rochester, Mt. Hope, Pittsford, Palmyra, Lyons, Geneva, Batavia and Geneseo, but with the exception of Rochester there is no organized radical activity in any of these places.

ZONE C

Zone C comprises Cattaraugus and Allegany Counties. The principal city in this zone is Olean.. There was found an Ukrainian branch of the Communist Party, which went out of existence some six months ago. The towns in this zone in which there was found some evidence of radical activity are Olean, Allegany, Salamanca, Onoville, Little Valley, Gowanda, Franklinville, Angelica, Wellsville, Allentown and Bolivar.

The radical activity in this zone also is practically negligible.

ZONE E

This zone includes the following counties: Oswego, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca, and Madison, and evidences of radical activity were found in the following cities and towns: Syracuse, Hamilton, Cazenovia, Manlius, Sherwood, Union Springs, Auburn, Westbury, Fulton, Oswego, Oneida, and Solvay.

In Syracuse there were found Russian, Ukrainian, Polish and Italian branches of the Communist Party. There were found about 150 paid-up members of the Communist Party in Syracuse. The Central branch, which is a Communist Labor Party branch, was composed in large measure of American citizens. No headquarters of the I. W. W. were found, although there was an organizer for the I. W. W. named Phillip Pherry, who was acting as literary agent and soliciting membership for the I. W. W., but apparently with very little success. One J. G. Baldenkoff, residing at 808 South State Street, Syracuse, was acting as the

literary agent for the Union of Russian Workers, and in one communication he signed himself as follows: "I remain, in the struggle for the ideals of anarchist Communism."

Most of the activities of the revolutionary radicals in this section are centered around the factories and the industrial plants. In Auburn was found an Ukrainian branch of the Communist Party, very well organized and with a membership of eighty odd, holding its meetings on the third floor of the Auditorium Building on Water Street, in what is known as Woodmen's Hall. John Malyso, of 672 South Division Street, was the organizer of the Ukrainian branch of the Communist Party in Auburn, and Michael Bazar, address unknown, was the financial secretary.

In Syracuse, a radical newspaper, known as "Hard Times," was published by one M. L. Tourtellot, but this went out of existence several months ago. A letter in possession of the Committee and signed by this man Tourtellot closes with the following words: "Fraternally yours, for Communism." Considerable I. W. W.

literature was being circulated in Syracuse by one Phillip Pherry, of 1306 Carbon Street, Syracuse, and a letter in possession of the Committee indicates that he was busily engaged in promulgating the idea of the O. B. U., the One Big Union.

ZONE G

Zone G includes the Counties of Broome, Chenango, and Otsego, and evidences of revolutionary radical activity were found in the following towns: Binghamton, Norwich, Endicott, Oneonta and Morris. The largest city in this zone is Binghamton.

In Binghamton there was a branch of the Communist Party, known as the Lithuanian Communist Party, with a membership of seventy-two. The leader of this branch was one Joseph Klekunas, who lived on Clinton Street, Binghamton. The meetings of this local were held at Lithuanian Hall, 267 Clinton Street. There was also an Ukrainian branch of the Communist Party in Binghamton, comprising some fifteen members, and having as it? secretary one Frank Lakoduk, who resided at 7 Judson Avenue. The organizer was one Harajchuk, living on Hazel Street, and another was one Tkachuk, also living on Hazel Street. One of the most active members was Harry Saroka, living on Hazel Street, and John Valchuk, a resident of New York City, who lived in Binghamton for awhile and was a violent agitator.

The Slovak branch of the Socialist Party, comprising some seventy-two members, met in Slovak Hall on Star Avenue, Binghamton. It had as its secretary Joe Horvatt, and the other officers were John Poliachuk, of 192 Murray Street, and Matthew J. Maxian. Maxian organized the cigarmakers' strike in Binghamton in the summer of 1919, and had previously taken a correspondence course at the Rand School of Social Science.

In Endicott there was a Russian branch of the Communist Party, with a membership of 150, with headquarters formerly at 24 Squires Avenue, Endicott, and later at 18 Odell Avenue. The leaders in that organization were Peter Kleskoniv, Wasyl Nosiak, Peter Ilnitsky and W. Pawlosky.

ZONE H

Zone H comprises the following counties: Lewis, Oneida, Herkimer, Hamilton, Fulton and Montgomery. The cities and towns in which evidences of radical revolutionary activities were discovered by the agents of this Committee are Utica, Clinton, Vernon, Rome, Glenfield, Gloversville, Tribes Hill, Amsterdam, Johnstown, St. Johnsville, Dolgeville, Little Falls, Ilion and Frankfort.

There are two branches of the Socialist Party in Utica, the largest city in this zone: the Jewish branch, which meets at its headquarters at 130 Washington Street, and whose organizer is one Max Meyers, and the American branch, the active members of which are John Lattimer and Harvey Brucke. Lattimer is also a member of the I. W. W. The Communist Party has severa! branches in Utica, the names of which here follow: The Ukrainian branch, which met at 704 Bleeker Street and of which the secretary was Theodore Talley of 406 Millgate Street; Demytno Pastuch, of 1901 Broad Street, was the literature agent, and one Wosyhreczam, whose address was not procurable, acted as financity secretary. Dentryo Choptinay, of 442 Wilkesbarre Street, acted as treasurer. The recording secretary was one Mike Zlepko, who lived in the suburb of Clarkmills.

The Russian branch of the Communist Party in Utica met at 704 Bleeker Street, and one John Korolinok, of 1127 Schuiler Street, was the organizer. One of the most active members was Alex Kruchka,

The Polish branch of the Communist Party met at the same premises, 704 Bleeker Street, and its officers were Joe Gregoros,