History of Civilization in England, Том 1

Henry Thomas Buckle

D. Appleton and Company, 1858

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CHAPTER I	1

Comparison of the history of England with that of France	14

With that of the United States of America	23

Operation of these agents on the accumulation of wealth 3037	30

Their operation on the distribution of wealth 3847	38

299	43

MENTAL LAWS ARE EITHER MORAL OR INTELLECTUAL COMPARISON OF MORAL	45

Illustration of these principles from Ireland	47

Policy in regard of France	338

Gloomy political prospects of England late in the eighteenth century 351355	351

Therefore history is the modification of man by nature and of nature	352

The nobles displace the clergy and celibacy is opposed by the prin	360

CHAPTER VIII	363

Greater power of the church in France than in England 364365	364

Statistics prove the regularity of actions in regard to murder and other	368

The first sceptic was not Rabelais but Montaigne 372373	372

From Egypt 5966	59

176	66

From Central America	67

Operation of physical laws in Brazil	74

503505	82

Influence of the general aspects of nature upon the imagination	85

Also by an unhealthy climate making life precarious 9193	91

Narrow range of knowledge possessed by historians	93

Further illustration from Central America	105

Hence it appears that of the two classes of mental and physical	112

The historical method of studying mental laws is superior to	113

Examination of the two metaphysical methods of generalizing men	118

507511	124

The progress of society is twofold moral and intellectual	125

The interference of politicians with trade has injured trade	127

Intellectual truths are the cause of progress	131

The diminution of the warlike spirit is owing to the same cause 137139	137

Illustrations of this from ancient Greece and modern Europe 143144	143

The discoveries made by political economists 150158	151

The application of steam to purposes of travelling 158160	158

CHAPTER V	164

Universal decline of France during the latter part of the reign	170

CHAPTER VI	209

But the most active cause of all was the influence of the clergy	235

The spirit of doubt was a necessary precursor of improvement	242

VOLUME I	243

Object of the present work	244

Hooker contrasted with Jewel 248249	248

Great advantage of this 254259	254

Under Charles II it takes a frivolous form at court	261

It causes the establishment of the Royal Society	269

Human actions if not the result of fixed laws must be due to chance	271

But credulity was still prevalent as is seen in Comines	273

These improvements were due to the sceptical and inquiring spirit 279280	279

This alliance was dissolved by the Declaration of Indulgence 286287	286

Hostility between them and William III	293

The clergy lost all offices out of the church and their numbers	300

Ignorance of George III	310

This policy reacted upon England	332

And they were tolerated even by the queenregent during	379

They are deserted by their temporal leaders and the management	393

Evidence of the illiberality of the French Protestants stants 399405	399

They raise a civil war which was a struggle of classes rather than	406

Richelieu put down the rebellion but still abstained from persecut	415

Analogy between Descartes and Richelieu 428429	428

But notwithstanding all this there was a great difference between	438

In England the nobles were less powerful than in France	444

This state contrasted with that of England	450

Illustration from the history of chivalry	456

Analogy between the Reformation and the revolutions of the seven	462

and Charles I vainly attempted to restore their power	468

But in France the energy of the protective spirit and the power	477

As such men were the leaders of the Fronde the rebellion naturally	483

CHAPTER XI	490

CHAPTER XII	517

235	520

The historian must ascertain whether mind or nature has most influ	532

236238	535

In France literature was the last resource of liberty	541

CHAPTER XIII	553

Still further progress early in the seventeenth century 557560	557

Improvement in the method of writing history late in the sixteenth	566

Immense improvements introduced by Voltaire	575

His views adopted by Mallet Mably Velly Villaret Duclos	582

He weakened the authority of mere scholars and theologians	588

The discourses of Turgot and their influence	596

The intellect of France began to attack the state about 1750 602603	602

Abolition of the Jesuits	608

Jansenism being allied to Calvinism its revival in France aided	614

But was averted for a time by the most eminent Frenchmen direct	618

And in Condillac	627

In England during the same period there was a dearth of great	636

Relation between inventions discoveries and method and immense	645

Great and successful efforts made by the French in botany 652654	652

All these vast results were part of the causes of the French Revolu	658

And in the establishment of clubs 664666	664

General reflections 670	670

TO WHICH IS ADDED	673

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History of Civilization in England, Том 1
Henry Thomas Buckle
Повний перегляд - 1857

History of Civilization in England, Том 1
Henry Thomas Buckle
Повний перегляд - 1859

History of Civilization in England, Том 1
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Назва	History of Civilization in England, Том 1 History of Civilization in England, Henry Thomas Buckle
Автор	Henry Thomas Buckle
Видавець	D. Appleton and Company, 1858
Оригінал із	Університет Вірджинії
Оцифровано	25 бер. 2011

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