Evolution, Heredity and EugenicsJ.G. Coulter, 1916 - 135 стор. |
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Evolution, Heredity and Eugenics (Classic Reprint) John Merle Coulter Попередній перегляд недоступний - 2018 |
Загальні терміни та фрази
acquired characters adapted algae amphibians ancestors appear artificial selection became become began biologists birds body bones breeding called CHAPTER chromatin combination connection continuous selection corn crop Darwin definite determines diploid discovered drought drought-resistant environment evident experimental explanation of evolution explanation of organic fact fertilized egg flowers forms fossil gametes gradually gymnosperms heredity hybrid hybrid produced idea illustration important increase inference inheritance intergrades kinds of individuals kinds of plants Lamarck lancelet land liverworts mammals mass culture means Mendel's law method mutation natural selection nucleus number of chromosomes observed occurs organic evolution origin of species orthogenesis parents parthenogenesis paternal pedigree culture period plant kingdom plant or animal plant-breeder plants and animals possible primrose probably produced protoplasm protozoa races reptiles result secure seed sexual cells sexual reproduction sperm spores study of evolution suggested survive theory of natural things tion trilobites vegetation vertebrates Vries words
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Сторінка 44 - Thus, from the war of nature, from famine and death, the most exalted object which we are capable of conceiving, namely, the production of the higher animals, directly follows. There is grandeur in this view of life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one; and that, whilst this planet has gone cycling on according to the fixed law of gravity, from so simple a beginning endless forms most beautiful and most wonderful have been, and are...
Сторінка 44 - It is interesting to contemplate an entangled bank, clothed with many plants of many kinds, with birds singing on the bushes, with various insects flitting about, and with worms crawling through the damp earth, and to reflect that these elaborately constructed forms, so different from each other, and dependent on each other in so complex a manner, have all been produced by laws acting around us.
Сторінка 44 - ... each other in so complex a manner, have all been produced by laws acting around us. These laws, taken in the largest sense, being Growth with Reproduction: Inheritance which is almost implied by reproduction; Variability from the indirect and direct action of the conditions of life, and from use and disuse: a Ratio of Increase ?o high as to lead to a Struggle for Life, and as a consequence to Natural Selection, entailing Divergence of Character and the Extinction of less-improved forms.
Сторінка 44 - These laws, taken in the largest sense, being Growth with Reproduction; Inheritance which is almost implied by reproduction, Variability from the indirect and direct action of the external conditions of life, and from use and disuse...
Сторінка 23 - It may indeed be said that an individual is the result of the interaction of these three factors since he may be modified by changing any one of them. Although no one factor can possibly be omitted, the student of genetics places the emphasis upon heritage as the factor of greatest importance. Heritage, or "blood," expresses the innate equipment of the individual.
Сторінка 23 - Consequently in the diagram (Fig. 1), the triangle of life is represented as resting solidly upon the side marked "heritage" for its foundation. Environment and training, although indispensable, are both factors which are subsequent and secondary. Environment is what the individual has, for example, housing, food, friends and enemies, surrounding aids which may help him and obstacles which he must overcome. It is the particular world into which he comes, the measure of opportunity given to his particular...
Сторінка 24 - The absence of sufficient training or exercise even when the environment is suitable and the endowment of inheritance is ample will result in an individual who falls short of his possibilities, while no amount of education can develop a man out of the heritage of a beast. Consequently the biologist holds that, although what an individual has and does is unquestionably of great importance, particularly to the individual himself, what he is, is far more important in the long run. Improved environment...
Сторінка 23 - It may be said that an individual is the result of the interaction of these three factors since he may be modified by changing any one of them. Although no one factor can possibly be omitted, the student of genetics places the emphasis upon, heritage as the Heritage Fw. 1.— The triangle of life. factor of greatest importance. Heritage, or "blood," expresses the innate equipment of the individual.
Сторінка 115 - ... of the fundamentals of measurement, one of its integral parts. Origin of measurement. — Once there was no unit of measure, no conscious determination of quantity. At some stage of development, men began to count. When they had progressed far enough to count to five, they became conscious that they had five fingers on each hand and five toes on each foot. Having these always available, they came to make use of them in tallying, and at length in adding and subtracting. Before counting came into...