Tracts on protectionNational Association for the Protection of Industry and Capital throughout the British Empire, 1850 - 16 стор. |
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agitation agricultural Agricultural interest agriculturists amount Annual produce bread Bristol Buckingham Britain BRITISH EMPIRE British West Indies CAPITAL THROUGHOUT cent cheap cheapening classes comforts commerce condition consumed Corn Laws cotton manufacture cultivation dear distress Ditto of Foreign duty East Indies employed enactment England Europe Excess of British exports of 1848 extent fact facture fair trade fall in prices farmer's loss farmers farming foreign corn foreign countries Free Trade fair Free Trade party Free-trade harvest home market importation of foreign increase INDUSTRY AND CAPITAL JOHN OLLIVIER labour land less Manchester manu millions number of persons operation PALL MALL panic Political Economy poor population price of cattle price of wheat Price Twopence profit prosperity PROTECTION OF INDUSTRY quantity question reduced rent repeal Reviewer rich Sir Robert Peel Spitalfields tailors thing THROUGHOUT THE BRITISH tion TRACTS ON PROTECTION United Kingdom wages whole woollen workmen yarn
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Сторінка 11 - No equal quantity of productive labour employed in manufactures can ever occasion so great a reproduction. In them nature does nothing; man does all; and the reproduction must always be in proportion to the strength of the agents that occasion it. The capital employed in agriculture, therefore, not only puts into motion a greater quantity of productive labour than any equal capital employed in manufactures...
Сторінка 11 - There seem, however, to be two cases in which it will generally be advantageous to lay some burden upon foreign for the encouragement of domestic industry. The first is, when some particular sort of industry is necessary for the defence of the country.
Сторінка 11 - The capital employed in agriculture, therefore, not only puts into motion a greater quantity of productive labour than any equal capital employed in manufactures, but in proportion too to the quantity of productive labour which it employs it adds a much greater value to the annual produce of the land and labour of the country, to the real wealth and revenue of the inhabitants. Of all the ways in which a capital can be employed it is by far the most advantageous to the society.
Сторінка 10 - It is stated on the best authority, that in October, 1837, " a man employed in his loom, working very diligently from Monday morning until Saturday night, from five o'clock in the morning until dusk, and even at times with a lamp, his wife assisting him in finishing and taking home the work, could not possibly earn more than 20 groschen (2s. 6d. sterling) per week...
Сторінка 10 - The reduction, he was convinced, arose from the competition in the trade, and one master cutting under the other. "The workmen are obliged to take the low prices, because they have not the means to hold out, and they know that if they don't take the work others will. There are always plenty of weavers unemployed, and the cause of that is owing to the lowness of prices, and the people being compelled to do double the quantity of work that they used to do, in order to live. I have made a stand against...
Сторінка 11 - To expect, indeed, that the freedom of trade should ever be entirely restored in Great Britain is as absurd as to expect that an Oceana or Utopia should ever be established in it.
Сторінка 7 - I have defended it before. I am about to pronounce no new opinions on this subject. I have a strong feeling, that speaking generally — and I am not now speaking of the amount of protection — I shall come to that presently — but, speaking generally, I think the agriculture of this country is entitled to protection, and that it is so entitled to protection from considerations of justice as well as from considerations of policy. I do consider that there are special and peculiar burthens on agriculture.
Сторінка 10 - ... reasonable and competent value ; for make what statutes you please, if the ploughman has not a competent profit for his excessive labour and great charge, he will not employ his labour and charge without a reasonable gain to support himself and his poor family.
Сторінка 11 - The ordinary revolutions of war and government easily dry up the sources of that wealth which arises from commerce only. That which arises from the more solid improvements of agriculture, is much more durable, and cannot be destroyed but by those more violent convulsions occasioned by the depredations of hostile and barbarous nations continued for a century or two together; such as those that happened for some time before and after the fall of the Roman empire in the western provinces of Europe.
Сторінка 13 - ... imagined. The trade is a very poor trade ; it is subject to great risks and losses. The capital, such as it is, is turned but once in the year ; in some branches it requires three years before the money is paid.