Parallel Chapters from the First and Second Editions of An Essay on the Principle of PopulationMacmillan and Company, 1895 - 134 стор. |
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absolutely Adam Smith agriculture appear argument arising from population cause CHAP cheap soups checks to population claim of right classes of society consequently considered constant degree difficulty diminishing distress doubt earth EAST INDIA COLLEGE effects Encyclopædia Britannica England essay Europe exist famine Godwin greater number happiness human institutions improvement of society increase of population industry JESUS COLLEGE land lation laws of nature live lower classes mankind marriage marry means of subsistence millions misery and vice moral restraint necessarily necessary object observed operation oscillation parish passions perfectibility perhaps period plenty poor laws popu positive checks potatoes poverty power of population powerful instinct present prevail preventive check price of labour price of provisions principle of population probably proportion quantity of food ratio of increase reason rich scarcity seems sufficient suppose system of equality tend tendency tion truth twenty-five vice and misery vicious virtue
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Сторінка 7 - I say, that the power of population is indefinitely greater than the power in the earth to produce subsistence for man.
Сторінка 7 - The race of plants, and the race of animals shrink under this great restrictive law. And the race of man cannot, by any efforts of reason, escape from it. Among plants and animals its effects are waste of seed, sickness, and premature death. Among mankind, misery and vice.
Сторінка 96 - Population invariably increases where the means of subsistence increase, unless prevented by some very powerful and obvious checks. 3. These checks, and the checks which repress the superior power of population, and keep its effects on a level with the means of subsistence, are all resolvable into moral restraint, vice, and misery.
Сторінка 11 - ... half that number. And at the conclusion of the first century, the population would be...
Сторінка 6 - But towards the extinction of the passion between the sexes, no progress whatever has hitherto been made. It appears to exist in as much force at present as it did two thousand, or four thousand years ago.
Сторінка 78 - To enter fully into this question, and to enumerate all the causes that have hitherto influenced human improvement, would be much beyond the power of an individual. The principal object of the present essay is to examine the effects of one great cause intimately united with the very nature of man; which, though it has been constantly and powerfully operating since the commencement of society, has been little noticed by the writers who have treated this subject.
Сторінка 7 - Through the animal and vegetable kingdoms Nature has scattered the seeds of life abroad with the most profuse and liberal hand; but has been comparatively sparing in the room and the nourishment necessary to rear them.
Сторінка 89 - The positive checks to population are extremely various, and include every cause, whether arising from vice or misery, which in any degree contributes to shorten the natural duration of human life. Under this head, therefore, may be enumerated all unwholesome occupations, severe labour and exposure to the seasons, extreme poverty, bad nursing of children, great towns, excesses of all kinds, the whole train of common diseases and epidemics...
Сторінка 78 - The cause to which I allude, is the constant tendency in all animated life to increase beyond the nourishment prepared for it.
Сторінка 12 - In two centuries the population would be to the means of subsistence as 256 to 9; in three centuries as 4096 to 13, and in two thousand years the difference would be almost incalculable.