'The state and ceremony which the Great Man still maintained amongst his dependants were sometimes carried to a ridiculous extent. No one was ever allowed to be covered in his presence in the garden or about the premises; nor even in his blandest mood, when conversing in great good humour with his suite, was any of the highest rank -even the Grand Marshal Bertrand-permitted to be seated. Up to the last hour of consciousness this etiquette was preserved, and Antommarchi more than once alluded to this in conversation; declaring that he had been often exhausted to the verge of fainting, by preserving a standing posture during his long attendances in the dying chamber.

From the first, Napoleon appeared to be aware of the nature of his malady; referring it to disease of the stomach, of which his father died, and with which the Princess Borghese was threatened. Arnott assured me at the time that his patient would often put his hand on the pit of his stomach and exclaim-"Ah! mon pylore-mon pylore!"

The 4th of May was an unusually stormy day in St. Helena, where the wind not only always blows from the same quarter, but is also for the most part of uniform strength. During the night it increased to a strong gale; and although the barracks at Francis' Plain were much sheltered, our little wooden houses shook as with an earthquake, and we were in momentary expectation of being blown into the neighbouring ravine. At two o'clock in the morning an officer of ours, who had slept at Plantation-House the night before, came galloping to my door, bareheaded, and only half-dressed, with a summons for me to go instantly to the Governor's-his youngest child being taken suddenly and dangerously ill.

I found the little patient apparently gasping its last under a terrible attack of croup; and the peculiarly distressing sound of the spasmodic and stridulous breathing audible over half the house. "The child must instantly be bled," I said. "Good G—, Sir," said Sir Hudson, "bleed an infant of this age!" "Yes," was the reply; "else the child will be dead in ten minutes." "But, Doctor, you won't be able to find a vein." "We'll try." So the little sufferer's arm was bandaged-a tiny vein opened, and when three ounces of blood had flowed, the breathing became comparatively quiet and easy; and after some medicine had been given, the child fell into a sound sleep.

During my residence in St. Helena, opportunities of observing minutely the character of Sir Hudson Lowe were not wanting; and I believe nobody could fill all the ordinary relations of domestic life and of society better than this much calumniated man. He was, to my certain knowledge, a kind husband and father, and, I believe, an excellent magistrate and civil governor. He obtained the consent of the slave-proprietors in the island, with some difficulty, to abolish slavery prospectively in 1818, without receiving any compensation; and carried the humane instructions of the British Government into effect on this delicate question with much address and talent. The abolition was dated, with grace and propriety, from Christmas-day; after which doubly-auspicious day for the blacks, no slave could be born in the

island,

island, and the supply by importation had long been stopped. Perhaps this cautious and judicious disenthralment would have been a good model to follow in the great change that has lately been effected in the West Indies; and might have prevented some of the evils that have already ensued, and more that are yet to result, from a sweeping and premature emancipation.'

The very weighty statements in favour of the governor, which we have underlined in the preceding extract, seem to us to acquire additional value from the obviously artless way in which the writer introduces them; and we may say the same as to what follows:

'The morning of the 5th of May continued very blustery and stormy, and, according to the old notion already alluded to, the conflict of the elements was symbolical of the violent struggle of a master-spirit with the last enemy that was then going on at Longwood; for Buonaparte was dying.

'I remained at Plantation-House with my little convalescent patient. The Governor went early to Longwood, staid there the whole day, and did not return until all was over. The important event of the day was naturally the chief topic of conversation in the evening, as Sir Hudson took a hurried dinner previous to writing his despatches; and, in bare justice to an ill-used man, I can testify that, notwithstanding the bitter passages between the great departed and himself, the Governor spoke of him in a respectful, feeling, and every way proper manner. Major Gorregeur, I think, observed that the deceased was the most formidable enemy England ever had; and the writer, that Providence appeared to have taken that favoured country under its special guardianship, and covered the island for many centuries with a shield of adamant, against which all hostile potentates, from Philip of Spain to Napoleon, had shivered themselves to pieces. "Well, gentlemen," said the Governor, "he was England's greatest enemy, and mine too; but I forgive him everything. On the death of a great man like him we should only feel deep concern and regret."-vol. ii. p. 5-7.

We cannot pass on without recalling to our readers' notice one article in the last will and testament of Napoleon. The document is now at Doctors' Commons, and contains a codicil to the following effect :

24th April, 1821.-Item. I bequeath ten thousand francs to the subaltern officer Cantillon, who has undergone a trial upon the charge of having endeavoured to assassinate Lord Wellington-of which he was pronounced innocent. Cantillon had as much right to assassinate that oligarchist, as the latter had to send me to perish on the rock of St. Helena !!!'

Dr. Henry was present at the post mortem examination, and at the request of Dr. Shortt he penned the bulletin on this occasion, although, from some rule of etiquette, his name was not affixed to it. He now says:

'Death

⚫ Death had marvellously improved the appearance of Napoleon, and every one exclaimed when the face was exposed, "How very beautiful!" for all present acknowledged they had never seen a finer or more regular and placid countenance. The beauty of the delicate Italian features was of the highest kind; whilst the exquisite serenity of their expression was in the most striking contrast with the recollection of his great actions, impetuous character, and turbulent life.

As during his eventful career there was much of the mysterious and inscrutable about him, so, even after death, Buonaparte's inanimate remains continued a puzzle and a mystery; for, notwithstanding his great sufferings and the usual emaciating effects of the malady that destroyed him, the body was found enormously fat. The frame was as unsusceptible of material disintegration as the spirit had been indomitable. Over the sternum, or breast-bone, which is generally only thinly covered, there was a coat of fat an inch and a half thick; and on the abdomen two inches; whilst the omentum, kidneys, and heart were loaded with fat. The last organ was remarkably small, and the muscle flabby; in contradiction to our ideal associations, and in proof of the seeming paradox, that it is possible to be a very great man with a very little heart.

'Several peculiarities were noticed about the body. He appeared at some time to have had an issue opened in the arm, and there was a slight mark like a wound in the leg, but which might have been caused by a suppurating boil.* The chest was not ample, and there was some thing of feminine delicacy in the roundness of the arms and the smallness of the hands and feet. The head was large in proportion to the body, with a fine, massy, capacious forehead. In other respects there were no remarkable developments for the gratification of the phrenologists.'

O'Meara had always insisted that the disease was in the liver; and Antommarchi had echoed his assertion. Dr. Henry continues:

'The diseased state of the stomach was palpably and demonstrably the cause of death; and how Napoleon could have existed for any time with such an organ was wonderful, for there was not an inch of it sound. 'Antommarchi was about to put his name to the bulletin, with the English medical gentlemen, when he was called aside by Bertrand and

* Buonaparte received a bayonet-thrust during the siege of Toulon. The writer of certain Confessions of a Spy' in the United Service Journal for October, 1840, says (p. 211), We entered the first dwelling we came to, where we found a surgeon dressing a wound in the arm of General O'Hara, who, it appeared, had sunk exhausted by the side of the house. And in another apartment of the same building was Napoleon Buonaparte, waiting for surgical attendance to bandage a rather severe bayonet-thrust in his right thigh. The medico would have waited upon him first, but he gallantly yielded the priority to the British chief, who, I was informed, was in a great measure indebted to him for his life, as he was found fainting from the loss of blood, and the exasperated soldiers were about to put him to death, when Buonaparte came up and prevented it.These Confessions' contain some most curious revelations. We cannot suppose that the distinguished conductor of the Journal would have printed them without previous inquiry.

Montholon,

Montholon, and after this conference declined signing. The reason was, no doubt, that such proceeding on his part would contradict the diagnosis of Mr. O'Meara.'-vol. ii. pp. 9, 10.

The island appeared relieved from an incubus by the death of Napoleon; and that disagreeable state of watchfulness, restraint, and coercion, under which all had felt themselves so long, was at once relaxed. The sentries were withdrawn from the numerous commanding points about the rock-the cruisers ceased to interfere with strange vesselsthe fishermen resumed their labours without police surveillance; and the taboo was everywhere taken off. Yet St. Helena, on the whole, had been much benefited by the presence of Buonaparte-great sums of money had been disbursed by the garrison and the fleet; an improved tone had been communicated to the insular society-the blot of slavery removed-agriculture stimulated; and the wretched goat-paths turned into good roads by military labour; to say nothing of prospective advantages from future visitors, attracted to the rock by the celebrity it had now obtained.

"When about to quit St. Helena, some of the foreigners were found to be considerably in debt to the shopkeepers in James's Town, and one of the highest rank amongst them owed no less a sum than between nine hundred and one thousand pounds. Payment being delayed, legal measures were threatened, and all was consternation at Longwood. In this dilemma application was made to the governor, who handsomely guaranteed payment of the debt; thus removing the principal difficulty in the way of their embarkation. I have heard that the amount was paid soon after their arrival in Europe, and I should expect nothing else from the high character of the distinguished debtor. This generous behaviour of the governor, together with other acts of kindness to the exiles after Napoleon's death, notwithstanding the abuse they had all, publicly and privately, showered upon his character, show that Sir Hudson Lowe was a very different man from what he was represented by his enemies at the time, and what the world still believes him to be.' -vol. ii. pp. 12, 13.

Before we quit the island with our Doctor, we must let him be heard as to the commissioners of the other allied powers :

'We had three Commissioners in Saint Helena; from Austria, France, and Russia, viz.: Baron Sturmer, Le Marquis de Montchenu, and Count B- These gentlemen were never recognised by Napoleon, who would not see or hold any intercourse with them. Perceiving after a short time that the illustrious captive was quite safe in the vigilant custody of Sir Hudson Lowe, their station became altogether a sinecure they enjoyed themselves as they might, and gave themselves no concern about him.

'The Baron was a very pleasing gentlemanly person, with a pretty Parisian wife, but no family, to their great regret. The Count was also a gentlemanly man, but somewhat eccentric, nevertheless very social and amusing.

'Foreigners laugh at our English modesty and delicacy, particularly in love matters. We generally choose seclusion and privacy when

making tender avowals, and shrink from obtruding any of the little manoeuvres of la belle passion on the gaze of a third party. Effect and display and eclat are, however, so necessary to social enjoyment on the continent, that even a tête-à-tête with one's mistress requires a certain quantum of publicity to give it the proper zest. When Count Bwas making love to Miss Johnstone, Lady Lowe's daughter, we used to meet him at dinner at Plantation House, and when the gentlemen left their wine to join the ladies in the drawing-room, the Count, another officer of our regiment, and myself, generally retired together. On seeing Miss Johnstone sitting between her mother and Lady Bingham, the enraptured Commissioner would give his arm to each of us and saunter in front of the ladies-nudging us every minute or two, gazing on the betrothed, and pointing out her various charms, en connoisseur, with the greatest enthusiasm, "Look, my dear friend-O ciel! what a neckDieu d'Amour! what an exquisite bust-what a profile-what an expression-what an ensemble of charms!" Of course, as in duty bound, we could only acquiesce. "Look at that attitude," he would resume--"how delightfully easy-how graceful!" "Happy Count," we would reply-" happy Count, with such a prospect-but you will be furieusement jaloux-you will let nobody speak to your wife-n'estce pas vrai ?" 0 que non-pas du tout je vous jure-but see, Lady Bingham rises-il faut me nicher-il faut me nicher-Adieu."

'Count B- married the lady after a long courtship. She was young and handsome, and the gentleman neither the one nor the other. There was a gay wedding at Plantation House, and great mirth and enjoyment. At dawn the next morning a disconsolate individual was noticed wandering alone through the grounds, and the gossip of the island amused itself for a week with various stories of some trick that had been played, and of shut doors and barricaded bed-chambers. But whatever truth there might be in these reports, it is certain that I met the Count and his fair bride riding out three days after, happy and glorious, that I felicitated the parties, and got cake and gloves.

'But, my old patient Montchenu, thou art, alas, no longer in the land of the living. I do therefore feel no delicacy in praising thee as thou deservest to be praised.'

The sum of these praises comes to this-that the Marquis was one of the oldest of the French nobility-had been pronounced by Napoleon to be the greatest fool in France-was a prodigious gourmand a great admirer of Buchan's Domestic Medicineand excessively reluctant to call in Dr. Henry in a case of inveterate dyspepsy; which, however, he at length did.

I attended the Marquis for several months, and finding his recovery was slow in the valley, he was recommended change of air to the higher part of the island. As soon as Sir Hudson Lowe heard this, he invited him to Plantation House, and I rode there to see him two or three times a week until his health became perfectly established. As I had had a good deal of trouble and many hot rides in the course of his illness, and did not conceive myself called upon to attend him on any score of duty,

charity,