The Effects of Hydrogen in Aluminium and Its AlloysManey for the Insitute of Materials, Minerals and Mining, 2004 - 274 стор. This book offers an in-depth scientific review of the effects of hydrogen on aluminium and aluminium alloys. Industrial processes yielding aluminium products are normally conducted in environments containing sources of hydrogen from which they absorb the gas as a contaminant. These products are vulnerable to damage by the hydrogen they absorb because the solubility of the gas in the solid metal is low. The damage is due to internal or subsurface defects that are essentially extended hydrogen traps of one form or another, some inherited from unsoundness and inclusions in castings and ingots and others introduced during subsequent thermal and mechanical treatment of the solid metal in course of fabrication to semi-finished products. Characteristic examples of the damage are blistering or other surface blemishes on heat-treated rolled sheet and extrusions, discontinuities across load-bearing sections, inadequate surface finish for anodic quality products and failure to contain fluids in near-net shape castings. These effects once took a heavy economic toll in lost quality and reduced yield.Moreover the recovery of useful metal was unpredictable, incurring costs for make up charges and unwanted excesses. The author is an acknowledged expert on the subject and has worked both in academia and for several of the largest aluminium producers. |
Зміст
CONTROL OF ARTIFACTS ASSOCIATED WITH HYDROGEN | 7 |
THE DETERMINATION OF HYDROGEN IN ALUMINIUM | 57 |
3 | 90 |
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Загальні терміни та фрази
absorbed absorption bulb Alloy AA alumina aluminium alloys aluminium-lithium alloys annealing Anyalebechi application atmosphere binary Brunel University cast ingots Chapter concentration corresponding corundum D.E.J. Talbot degassing desorption deuterium diameter diatomic diatomic hydrogen diffusion coefficient effect electron density enthalpy entropy equation equilibrium furnace gas phase Gibbs free energy given in Table heat-treatment heated hot-rolled humid air hydrogen absorption hydrogen activity hydrogen content hydrogen in aluminium illustrated in Figure ingot interdendritic porosity isotherm kPa 1 atm liquid aluminium liquid metal lithium hydride magnesium mass measured melting metal surface metal/oxide interface method mole fraction monatomic nitrogen nucleation oxidation product partial pressure plate potential pure aluminium purge gas quantity of hydrogen Ransley reaction rolled sample secondary porosity semicontinuously cast Sieverts sodium sodium hydride solid aluminium solid metal Solubility of Hydrogen standard sulphur dioxide Telegas thermal traps tube vacuum extraction Van't Hoff isobars volume water vapour yields