Population and Nutrition: An Essay on European Demographic HistoryCUP Archive, 31 січ. 1991 р. - 149 стор. From the time of Malthus, the insufficient supply of food resources has been considered the main constraint of population growth and the main factor in the high mortality prevailing in pre-industrial times. In this essay, the mechanisms of biological, social and cultural nature linking subsistence, mortality and population and determining its short and long term cycles are discussed. The author's analysis examines the existing evidence from the century of the Great Plague to the industrial revolution, interpreting the scanty quantitative information concerning caloric budgets and food supply, prices and wages, changes in body height and epidemiological history, demographic behaviours of the rich and of the poor. The emerging picture sheds doubts on the existence of a long term interrelation between subsistence of nutritional levels and mortality, showing that the level of the latter was determined more by the epidemiological cycles than by the nutritional level of the population. |
Зміст
Demographic growth in Europe | 1 |
Energy nutrition and survival | 23 |
Famine and want | 40 |
The starving and the wellfed | 63 |
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Population and Nutrition: An Essay on European Demographic History Massimo Livi Bacci Обмежений попередній перегляд - 1991 |
Population and Nutrition: An Essay on European Demographic History Massimo Livi-Bacci Попередній перегляд недоступний - 1991 |
Загальні терміни та фрази
adaptability ancien régime areas average Black Death bread breast-feeding calories cause cent cereals colostrum consommation alimentaire countries crisis cycles death-rate deaths decline demo demographic expansion demographic growth diet E. A. Wrigley effect eighteenth century energy requirement England estimates Europe European populations expectancy at birth factors famine fertility Figure Florence food availability food resources fourteenth France frequency grams greater high mortality Hunstanton improvement Index indicators infant mortality infection infectious diseases intake ISTAT Italy land Languedoc level of mortality levels of nutrition London maize malnutrition Malthus Malthusian meat consumption mortality crises nineteenth century normal nuptiality nutrients nutritional nutritional levels nutritional stress period plague Population History potato proteins real wages reduced relationship result rural second half Sedgeford seventeenth century Siena sixteenth century social Source standard of living starvation studies subsistence crises survival Sweden Table tion trends Turin Tuscany twentieth centuries typhus undernourishment variations wheat prices